20 Wash. 460 | Wash. | 1899
The opinion of the court was delivered by
On June 21, 1897, the plaintiffs and appellants herein recovered a judgment in the superior court of Spokane county against one Sol. Solomonson for the sum of $1,815.45 and costs. Execution was issued thereon, placed in the hands of the sheriff of the county, and by him returned wholly unsatisfied. Thereafter the plaintiffs instituted this proceeding against Sarah Solomonson, wife of the said judgment debtor, under an act of the legislature approved March 15, 1893, entitled, “An act relating to proceedings supplemental to execution,” Laws 1893, p. 435. Section 3 of that act (Bal. Code, § 5314) provides that
“ Upon proof by affidavit or otherwise, to the satisfaction of the judge, that execution has been issued as pre*461 scribed by section 1 of tbis act, and also that any person or corporation has personal property of tbe judgment debtor of tbe value of twenty-five dollars or over, or is indebted to him in said amount, tbe judge may make an order requiring such person or corporation, or an officer thereof, to appear at a specified time and place before bim, or a referee appointed by bim, and answer concerning tbe same.”
In accordance with tbis section, an affidavit was filed on behalf of tbe plaintiffs, setting forth tbe rendition of tbe judgment against said Sol. Solomonson, tbe issuance and return of tbe execution, and that tbe defendant Sarah Solomonson bad in her possession or under her control personal property of tbe value of twenty-five dollars and more, and other property, all of which is tbe separate property of said Sol. Solomonson, and is held in tbe possession and under tbe control of said Sarah Solomonson for tbe purpose of preventing tbe collection and satisfaction of said judgment and execution. On motion of plaintiffs, tbe court issued an order directing tbe said Sarah Solomon-son to appear before tbe court at a time and place designated, then and there to be examined touching what property, if any, she bad or controlled and which was tbe separate property of said Sol. Solomonson, or in which be bad some separate interest. She appeared at tbe time and place designated, and, tbe matter coming on to be beard, the said Sol. Solomonson objected to her being examined, upon tbe ground that a wife may not be examined for or against her husband without bis consent. Tbe consideration of tbis objection was taken under advisement by tbe court, and thereafter sustained, and judgment was entered dismissing tbe proceedings. To these rulings of tbe court tbe plaintiffs duly excepted, and tbe cause is now here upon appeal; and tbe only question to be determined is whether tbe court erred in sustaining tbe objection and dismissing the proceeding.
“A busband shall not be examined for or against bis wife, without tbe consent of tbe wife, nor a wife for or against her busband without the consent of tbe busband; nor can either, during marriage or afterward, be, without tbe consent of tbe other, examined as to any communication made by one to the other during marriage.”
It is insisted by tbe learned counsel for the respondent that this law is based upon higher ground than that invoked by appellants, namely, that of preventing tbe suppression of truth, or tbe failure of justice in particular cases. And, as an expression of bis position, counsel cites us to tbe declarations of Chancellor Kent and of Lord Coke. “Tbe busband and wife,” says Chancellor Kent, “cannot be witnesses for or against each other. This is a settled principle of law and equity, and it is founded as well on tbe interest of tbe parties being the same, as on public policy. The foundations of society would be shaken, according to tbe strong language in one of tbe cases.” 2 Kent’s Commentaries, 178-179. And Lord Coke says: “It has been resolved that a wife cannot be produced against her busband, as it may be tbe means of implacable discord and dissension between them and the means of great inconvenience.” Coke on Littleton, 6 b. It must be borne in mind, however, that both Chancellor Kent and Lord Coke were speaking of tbe rule at common law. Tbe rule that excluded busband and wife from testifying for or against each other was adopted at a very early day in England, and at a time when husband and wife were in law one person, and when no party to an action was á competent witness because of bis interest therein. But this rule of common law has been changed by legislation in
But an examination of these authorities will disclose that they are cases in which hoth the husband and wife were parties, and in which the plaintiff called either the one or the other as a witness; and neither of the cases involved a proceeding in any wise like the present, except the Michigan case, in which a wife was cited as garnishee in an action pending against her husband, and in which it was held that she could not be compelled to testify over her husband’s objection. The rule contended for by respondent here was properly applied in those cases. But this is an entirely different proceeding. Here the husband is not a party, and, we think, it may be said, is not interested in such a sense as to preclude the examination of the wife as a witness for the plaintiff. Mr. Ereeman, speaking of supplemental proceedings, says that a defendant is not entitled to notice of a proceeding of this character against
“ It may be stated, as a rule, that in states where garnishment is not issued until after the creditor obtains judgment against his debtor, then the proceeding by garnishment against a person indebted to the judgment debtor is a new suit to which the creditor is plaintiff and the garnishee, the defendant, brought into court by the process. It is governed by the general rules applicable to other suits, and to this suit a judgment debtor is a stranger.” 2 Shinn, Attachment, § 469.
While in this state a proceeding after judgment is not denominated a garnishment, the principle involved is the same; and it would appear from the quotation from this learned author and the authorities therein referred to that the judgment debtor is a mere stranger to this proceeding against his wife. It follows, therefore, that, whatever the testimony of Mrs. Solomonson might have been, it would have been neither for or against her husband, but for or against herself. If the husband had been called as a witness by the plaintiff, a different question would have been presented. In a proceeding like this, the supreme court of Wisconsin, in In Re O'Brien, 24 Wis. 547, decided that the judgment debtor’s wife may be required to disclose whether she has property of her hus
It seems to us that this rule is both reasonable and just, and not inconsistent with our statute. Any other rule would permit a debtor to put all of his personal property in the hands of his wife, and thereby relieve himself from the payment of his honest debts, though abundantly able to pay them.
The judgment is reversed, and the cause remanded for further proceedings in accordance with this opinion.
Scott, O. J., and Gordon, Dunbar and Reavis, JJ., concur.