139 Wis. 223 | Wis. | 1909
The evidence tends to prove that the defendants agreed to keep the property of plaintiff insured for his benefit in the sum of $800, took out a policy for $800 for the benefit of plaintiff, which was canceled, and failed to procure other insurance, and that the property was destroyed by fire and plaintiff sustained damages in consequence of such fire in the sum of $800. The defendants seek to reverse the judgment for alleged errors committed on the trial.
1. The appellants assign error upon the following instruction: . ^
“The measure of damages on breach of this covenant or condition is the loss sustained by the landlord, not exceeding the amount of the insurance tenants covenanted to procure. This is the law you should use on arriving at your verdict. ... If you find and believe from the whole evidence by a fair preponderance thereof that it is a fact that the plaintiff — Franclc—leased to the defendants — Stout and Bohinson — the premises described in his complaint, and that the defendants were to pay a certain amount for the use of the premises, and also agreed to keep the same insured while the*225 defendants were occupying the said premises under said lease as tenants of the plaintiff, and that the property which the defendants agreed to insure was destroyed by fire while the defendants were occupying the same under the lease, then-your verdict must be a verdict in favor of the plaintiff and against the defendants for the sum of $800, with interest at the rate of six per cent, from the 15th day of July, 1907.”
The objection to this instruction is that, it gave the jury a wrong rule of the measure of damages, in that the jury should have been instructed that if the plaintiff had knowledge of the fact that there was no insurance on the property it was his duty to procure such insurance if he had sufficient time and could reasonably do so. This rule is invoked under the doctrine that when plaintiff had knowledge of the breach he was bound to mitigate the damages by procuring insurance, charging the premiums paid to defendants, and thus mitigate damages. But the difficulty with the appellants’ contention under this head is that they have not made a case which would entitle them to invoke the rule of law which they claim applies. Whether appellants would be entitled to an instruction along the lines contended for had there been evidence that the appellants did not intend to further carry the risk, and so notified respondent, a different question would be presented. Whether in such case the plaintiff would be bound to insure in order to miminize damages we need not consider, because such a case is not made by the evidence. There is in this case no evidence of a breach sufficient to warrant plaintiff in procuring insurance and charging the premiums to defend.ants. The evidence merely shows that the policy was canceled and that the insurance company refused to carry the risk at the rate charged in the policy. -So far as the proof shows, the defendants may have preferred to carry the risk themselves than to pay the high premium required. At least until there was a breach on the part of defendants which would justify plaintiff in procuring insurance at the expense
2. Error is assigned on the exclusion of evidence offered by appellants respecting financial aid rendered to plaintiff in matters not connected with the issues in the case, and various acts of kindness by financial aid for the purpose of corroborating the claim of defendants that the policy was not taken out for the benefit of plaintiff by force of a contract to do so, but as an act of kindness on the part of defendants. It will be seen at once that the issues raised by this class of evidence 'were collateral to the main issue and bore only remotely thereon, and would greatly tend to divert the attention of the jury from the principal issue and raised a multitude of collateral issues. Such testimony is obnoxious to the rule requiring the evidence to correspond with the allegations and be confined to the point in issue. 1 Greenl. Ev. (15th ed.) §§ 52, 448. If the defendants were permitted to offer this class of evidence, the plaintiff, of course, should have been permitted to rebut it, and in this way collateral issues would have been raised to the great embarrassment of the main issues in the case. We find no prejudicial error in the exclusion of evidence.
3. Error is assigned on the denial of motion for a new trial. This error is based on the alleged errors already considered and because of newly discovered evidence. The alleged newly discovered evidence was cumulative, and no error was committed in denial of a new trial on that ground.
By the Court. — The judgment is affirmed..