36 Cal. 283 | Cal. | 1868
This is an application for a peremptory mandate to the Judge of the Fifth Judicial District Court, Tuolumne County, directing him, as such Judge, to proceed to the trial and determination of the above entitled cause.
The facts material to an understanding of the points involved in this proceeding, as disclosed by petition and answer, are substantially as follows:
On the 8th of January, 1867, the defendant was, and still is, a corporation duly organized under and by virtue of "the laws of the State of New York, and invested with authority
On the 5th day of January, 1867, defendant executed a policy of insurance to plaintiff, upon which a liability subsequently accrued, and thereafter, on the 25th of June, 1867, plaintiff commenced, in said Fifth Judicial District Court, an action for the recovery of an amount claimed to be due from defendant on such policy; and thereupon defendant, in due time, entered its appearance in said cause, and at the same time applied by petition to the Court, in due form, for a removal of the cause to the Circuit Court of the United States—tendering the requisite security—alleging as ground of such removal that the plaintiff is a citizen of the State of California, and that defendant, at the date of the commencement of the suit, was and still is a citizen of the State of New York.
After argument of the application for removal upon said petition by the attorneys for the respective parties, the petition was granted by the Court, and upon filing the required bond by defendant, an order was duly made and entered on the 18th November, 1867, removing the cause for trial to the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of California; at the same time the Court made an order staying proceedings under the order of removal for twenty days to allow the plaintiff to prepare an appeal from the same; and, thereafter, on the 4th day of March, 1868, this proceeding was instituted to compel the District Judge to proceed with the trial and determination of the cause, notwithstanding the order of removal.
The ostensible object of this proceeding is to compel the District Court to proceed in the discharge of its duty, to hear and determine plaintiff’s suit, while from the facts disclosed by the application of plaintiff' and the answer of the Judge of the Fifth District, above stated, it is manifest that
By this writ, directed to a-person who acts in a judicial or deliberative capacity, he may be ordered to proceed to do his duty, by acting and deciding according to the best of his judgment; but he cannot be directed in what manner to act or decide in the premises.
In the case now presented, the District Court has acted upon the petition of defendant for removal of the cause; the matter was properly before the Court upon the petition and evidence in support thereof, and being satisfied therefrom of the existence of the requisite facts entitling defendant to the order prayed for, the same was granted by the Court, and a removal of the cause ordered; and this Court, by mandamus, cannot, directly or indirectly, compel a rescission or disregard of this order. The attempt would be a flagrant viola
Again, by the four hundred and sixty-eighth section of the Practice Act a mandamus cannot properly issue “when there is a plain, speedy, and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law.”
In the present case, if the District Court erred in granting the order of removal, and the defendant was not entitled to a trial in the United States Circuit Court, that Court, when the case reaches it, upon proper application, will refuse to take jurisdiction, and remand the cause to the Court from which it came. The applicant, then, has “a plain, speedy, and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law;” hence, for this reason, his application should be denied.
And when a proper application for removal of a case from a District Court of the State to the United States Circuit Court is denied, the applicant can preserve his rights by entering the proper exception, and after final judgment in the case, the action of the District Court, in denying the application, could be reviewed in this Court on appeal from the final judgment, accompanied with a proper statement and specification of errors.
Should this Court interfere by peremptory mandamus to compel a District Court to proceed with the trial and determination of a cause, after such District Court had, upon petition, removed the cause to the United States Circuit Court,'a serious conflict of jurisdiction might arise; the Circuit Court, upon application to remand the cause, might refuse on the ground that the same was clearly within its jurisdiction, and the result would be a direct conflict of jurisdiction between the State and Federal Courts, and the trial of the same cause might be progressing in different Courts at the same time. Independent, therefore, of the binding force of the well established rules of law, as herein-before stated, we are not disposed to adopt a practice likely to result in serious confusion and unnecessary conflict of jurisdiction between the State and Federal Courts.
With these views, it becomes unnecessary to pass upon the question of the status or citizenship of defendant.' That question has been considered and acted upon by the District Court, and is not properly before us for review.
Application denied.