9 Mich. 207 | Mich. | 1861
Was the bond properly admitted in evidence? This is the first and most important question in the case.
The declaration is upon a bond described as the bond of all the defendants below — Charles R. Fox (master of the steamer Empire), Thomas D. Gilbert and Francis B. Gilbert, sealed with their respective seals — and the obligation to pay is described as the joint obligation of all.
The bond offered in evidence describes the obligors as Charles R. Fox (present master of the steamer Empire), and Gilbert & Co., and is conditioned that the said Charles R. Fox, and Gilbert & Co. shall pay, &c., and signed
“Charles R Fox, [SEAL."]
“ Gilbert & Co. [SEAL."]
We understand the general rule of law to be well settled, that (with the exception of the release of a debt, which stands upon peculiar grounds , one partner can not execute a specialty binding, as such, upon the firm, without express authority for that purpose under seal. The English decisions recognize but a single exception to this rule, and that is when the single partner executes the instrument in the presence, and with the assent of^the other member or members of the firm.
But, by the general current of American authorities, the instrument may also be sustained against the firm by proof of prior • parol assent, or subsequent parol ratification by the other member.
We are aware of no case which goes further. See the authorities collected in Story on Cont. §§218, 220; Story on Part. § 117 et seq.; Collyer on Part. (Perkins ed.) §§462 to 467.
The bond in this case was not admissible under the g’eneral rule, and no evidence was given tending to bring it within any of the recognized exceptions to the rule. It was therefore improperly admitted. The bond not being in evidence, and all the other questions raised in the case being dependent upon the bond, such dependent questions have no bearing upon the case before us, and we do not deem it necessary to notice them here.