| N.Y. Sup. Ct. | May 5, 1851
By the Court,
The justice must have found as a fact that the property of the horse was in the plaintiff, and that the defendants sold him under the pretense of a lien as innkeepers. The evidence clearly justified that finding. The sale was a conversion, and superseded the necessity of any demand, before the commencement of the action. The important question is whether the defendants showed any right thus to dispose of the horse. If the horse came into the defendants’ inclosure as a stray, they had no right to sell him without pursuing the course pointed out by the revised statutes, relative to “strays.” (1 R. S. 351.) It is not pretended that they obeyed the requisitions of this statute. Indeed they did not treat the animal as a stray, but claimed to sell it in satisfaction of their lien as innkeepers.
If the proof would have warranted the finding that the defendants were the keepers of a livery stable, as there was no evidence of an agreement for a lien, none attached upon the property. (Wallace v. Woodgate, 1 C. & P. 575. Bevan v. Waters, 3 Id. 520. Yorke v. Grenaugh, 2 Ld. Ray. 866.) Neither the agisters of cattle nor the keepers of a livery stable have any lien, without a special agreement to that effect. (S. C. and Richards v. Symonds, 15 Law J., N. S. 35. 10 Jur. 6. 2 Kent's Com. 635. Grinnell v. Cook, 3 Hill, 485; where the cases on the subject are collected.)
Willard, Hand and Cady, Justices.]
The defendants acquired no lien by virtue of their employment as innkeepers, unless the horse was delivered to them by a guest. (Grinnell v. Cook, 3 Hill, 485. Binns v. Piggot, 9 C. & P. 208, Parke, J.) If the guest was' not the rightful owner of the horse, the lien would attach provided the innkeeper had no notice of the wrong, and acted honestly. (Johnson v. Hill, 3 Starkie, 172, per Abbott.) There is not the slightest evidence that this horse was ever delivered to the defendants, either by the plaintiff or any one else, as a guest. There was nothing, therefore, from which the justice could find that the defendants had a lien upon the horse.
But if the presumption may be drawn from the nature of the defendants’ employment, that the horse belonged to one of their guests, still they had no right to sell it in satisfaction of their lien. Although there is a dictum to the contrary by Popham, Ch. J. in Hostler’s case, (Yelv. Rep. 66,) it is settled that except within the city of London, an innkeeper can not, at common law, sell his guest’s horse for his keeping. (Jones v. Pearle, 1 Str. 556. Pothonier v. Dawson, 1 Holt, N. P. 383. 2 Kent’s Com. 642.) The remedy to enforce the lien is by action in the nature of a bill in chancery. (1 Cowen’s Tr. 2d ed. 299.)
Under no aspect of the testimony were the defendants authorized to sell the horse in question. The judgment of the county court must be reversed and that of the justice affirmed.