257 Mass. 575 | Mass. | 1926
This is an action of tort to recover for personal injuries and property damages suffered by the plaintiff as a result of a collision of an automobile, owned and operated by the defendant, and an automobile owned and operated by the plaintiff. The jury viewed the scene of the accident. There was evidence of the defendant’s negligence. He moved for a directed verdict. In the Superior Court there was a verdict for the plaintiff.
A physician called by the plaintiff was allowed, subject to the defendant’s exception, to state his opinion of the probable duration of the plaintiff’s life. He said that, taking into account the plaintiff’s physical condition if he had not received the injury complained of, he would Uve about nine years; that because of the accident, he would probably live about four years from that time. This evidence was admissible. Mortality tables based upon selected lives are admitted in evidence. Banks v. Braman, 195 Mass. 97. The probable length of life of the plaintiff as affected by the injury was relevant. See Daniell v. Boston & Maine Railroad, 184 Mass. 337, 343; Rooney v. New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, 173 Mass. 222.
It could not be ruled as matter of law that the plaintiff was careless. He was driving his motor car on Packard Street approaching its intersection with Lincoln Street in the town of Hudson. He testified he was not going faster than fifteen miles an hour, with his foot on the brake; that he looked to his right, from which direction the defendant was proceeding toward the intersection of the two streets, the plaintiff being sixty feet “from the point of the accident ” ; that at this time the defendant was about two hundred and sixty-eight feet away; that the rear of the plaintiff’s automobile was struck by the defendant’s; that this “part was
As the defendant was on the right of the plaintiff, approaching an intersecting way, the defendant had the right of way, which right of the defendant the plaintiff was bound to comply with.. But even if he were wrong in his estimate of the defendant’s speed and distance, and drove his motor car across the intersecting way when he knew the defendant was approaching at a high rate of speed, although the question is close, it was we think for the jury to determine whether in so acting he used a proper degree of care. The collision took place at the intersection of two streets. There were no vehicles approaching the point of intersection except those of the plaintiff and the defendant, and no pedestrians were upon the way. But the speed and distance of the defendant from the point of intersection had to be taken into account. The plaintiff was not obliged to suspend his progress because somewhere in the distance on his right he saw another car approaching; nor could he take the risk of proceeding because he was a few feet nearer the intersecting point than the defendant and concluded he could speed across the intersecting area in time to avoid a collision. The plaintiff would not exercise the care of a prudent driver in taking such a risk. Considering all the circumstances, however, it was for the jury to determine if a man of ordinary prudence approaching the way as the plaintiff did would conclude that he could in safety proceed to cross the intersecting street without any reasonable apprehension of a collision. Salisbury v. Boston Elevated Railway, 239 Mass. 430. Pitman & Brown Co. v. Eastern Massachusetts Street Railway, 255 Mass. 292.
The defendant asked the judge to instruct the jury: “If the plaintiff’s car and the defendant’s car approached the
G. L. c. 89, § 8, established a law of the road at intersecting streets. Its purpose was the prevention of collisions at such points, and the protection of the travelling public. The statute speaks of an intersecting way and the right of way of a person at the point of intersection “to vehicles approaching from his right, provided that such vehicles are arriving at the point of intersection at approximately the same instant.” This “point of intersection” was determined and fixed by the statute; it was the space common to Packard Street and Lincoln Street where they crossed each other, the area within that rectangle was the intersecting point mentioned in the statute. It was this point of intersection of the two ways and not the point where the paths of the two automobiles would cross each other that the statute established as the point of intersection, at which point the vehicle on the plaintiff’s right had the right of way.
The statute is to be reasonably construed. The construction put upon it by the trial judge would but slightly remedy, if at all, the danger which the statute sought to cure. It was passed to prevent the automobilist from taking a chance and running the risk of speeding across
As the statute was construed by the trial judge, the point of intersection of the ways would not be important, the essential place would be where the two vehicles would probably cross each other’s path. This was not the meaning of the statute.
The statute applies to all intersecting ways whether they do or do not cross each other. The driver on the right of one approaching the intersection may desire to go on in a direct line or turn to the right or to the left; where one street intersects but does not cross the other, the driver may intend to stop his vehicle. It may be necessary for him -to deviate from a direct course in order to turn into the intersecting street. All these contingencies are given some assurance of safety if the statute is construed as we have indicated. This construction we consider in the interest of safety. It tends to check confusion and lessen the peril to drivers of vehicles at intersecting streets at night as well as in the daytime, whether the view is obstructed or open, and accords to one approaching from another’s right a place of some comparative safety. This construction carries out the intention of the Legislature. Neumann v. Apter, 95 Conn. 695. Rohde v. Nock, 101 Conn. 439. See McCarthy v. Breckwith, 246 Mass. 409.
In Wisconsin and Minnesota, statutes regulating travel at intersecting streets have been construed as our statute was construed by the trial judge. Primock v. Goldenberg, 161 Minn. 160. Bertschy v. Seng, 181 Wis. 643. We must however decline to follow these decisions.
So ordered.