Defendant Mercy Community Health Care System-Port Huron appeals by leave granted and defendants Peter J. Clive, M.D., and X-ray Associates of Port Huron cross appeal an order denying their motion for summary dispositiоn. 1 This appeal is being decided without oral argument pursuant to MCR 7.214(E). We reverse.
*463 I. basic facts and procedural history
The parties do not dispute these basic facts. Decedent, Donald M. Fournier, sought treatment for severe pain in his left side at defendant Mercy’s emergency department on July 6, 1998. Hospital staff conducted several tests including a chest x-ray, a ventilation profusion lung scan, and a computerized axial tomography (cat) scan. These tests were interpreted by defendant Clive. The next day, July 7, 1998, Fournier died from what was later determined to be a ruptured spleen. On July 13, 1998, the probate court issued letters of authority appointing plaintiff as personal representative of Fournier’s estate.
Pursuant to MCL 600.2912b, plaintiff sent notices of intent on July 12, 2000, to six intended defendants by Federal Express for next day delivery. Next day delivery was significant because the two-year statutory period of limitation, absent tolling provisions, expired on July 13, 2000. However, because of what appears to be a clerical mistake in the office of plaintiff’s counsel, all six notices of intent were placed in one Federal Express envelope and sent to Paul Bruer, M.D. 2 at his residential address. Federal Express made the delivery to Bruer’s home on July 13, 2000. Because Bruer was out of town, his daughter accеpted the delivery. Bruer returned home on July 16, 2000, and delivered the notices of intent to defendant Mercy’s risk management department on July 17, 2000. Defendant Mercy’s director of risk management *464 delivered the notice оf intent to defendant Clive on July 18, 2000. It appears that no notice of intent was drafted for defendant X-ray Associates; certainly, it never received one.
Plaintiff filed the complaint on January 10, 2001, alleging that defеndants were negligent in their medical treatment and care of Fournier. Among other things, plaintiff alleged that defendant Clive did not properly interpret the cat scan results.
Defendants answered the complаint and moved for summary disposition, pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(7) and (C)(10) on the ground that the statutory period of limitation had expired before defendants were served. Defendants argued that the limitation period was not tolled by MCL 600.2912b because plaintiff failed to comply with its express provisions. Specifically, defendants argued that plaintiff failed to mail the notices of intent to defendants’ last known residential or business addresses. In responsе, plaintiff asserted that she complied with the statutory requirement that notices of intent be mailed before the limitation period expires. Plaintiff contended that a good faith effort at mailing is sufficient and that an innocent mistake, causing defendants no prejudice, should not result in the overly harsh remedy of dismissal. Plaintiff further argued that the purpose of MCL 600.2912b, to encourage settlement, was not disrupted by the mailing error. Finally, plаintiff argued that defendants possibly received the notices of intent sooner than they would have had plaintiff sent them by ordinary mail on July 12, 2000. Plaintiff pointed out that the statute turns upon the mailing date, and not the receipt date.
*465 The trial court found that plaintiffs mistake was not a “fatal one,” concluding that all defendants received notice “in a timely manner and the purposes of the Statute, in this Court’s opinion, were fulfilled.” 3 The triаl court denied defendants’ motion for reconsideration.
n. STANDARD OF REVIEW AND RULES OF CONSTRUCTION
We review de novo a trial court’s ruling on a motion for summary disposition brought pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(7).
Rheaume v Vandenberg,
This Court also reviews de novo issues involving statutory construction.
Haliw v Sterling Hts,
m. ANALYSIS
Defendants argue that the trial court clearly erred in denying their mоtion for summary disposition. We agree. A notice of intent served in contravention of MCL 600.2912b is ineffective and does not toll the period of limitation.
In general, the statute of limitations relating to a wrongful death action is the statute of limitations for the underlying theory of liability.
Eggleston v BioMedical Applications of Detroit, Inc,
Before filing suit, a plaintiff must serve a notice of intent on potential defеndants. MCL 600.2912b provides:
(1) Except as otherwise provided in this section, a person shall not commence an action alleging medical malpractice against a health professional or health facility unless the person has given the health professional or health facility written notice under this section not less than 182 days before the action is commenced.
Serving a potential defendant with a notice of intent under MCL 600.2912b may toll the limitation period to accommodate the 182-day notice period:
The statutes of limitations or repose are tolled:
* * *
(d) If, during the applicable notice period under section 2912b, a claim would be barred by the statute of limitаtions or repose, for not longer than a number of days equal to the number of days in the applicable notice period after the date notice is given in compliance with section 2912b. [MCL 600.5856.]
Because the language of MCL 600.5856(d) is clear and unambiguous, a plaintiff must comply with the stated requirements of the statute. See Rheaume, supra at 423 (“The negative implication of this section is that the statute of limitations is not tolled if the notice of intent to sue does not comply with § 2912b.”). In the case at bar, the issue is whether plaintiff complied with the statutory requirements for tolling the statutory period of limitation.
*468 With respect to the general requirements of the notice, MCL 600.2912b(2) provides:
The notice of intent to file a claim required under subsection (1) shall be mailed to the last known professional business address or residential address of the health professional or health facility who is the subject of the claim. Proof of the mailing constitutes prima facie evidence of compliance with this section. If no last known professional business or residential address can reasonаbly be ascertained, notice may be mailed to the health facility where the care that is the basis for the claim was rendered.
The language of subsection 2912b(2) clearly requires that the notice “shall be mаiled to the last known professional business address or residential address of the health professional or health facility who is the subject of the claim.”
4
The Legislature’s use of the word “shall” in subsection 2912b(2) makes mandatory the requirement that the notice be mailed in accordance with its provisions. See
Scarscella v Pollak,
In this case, Fourniеr died on July 7, 1998. The letters of authority were issued on July 13, 1998. Therefore, the two-year statutory period of limitation began on July 13, 1998, and extended to July 13, 2000. On July 12, 2000, plaintiff mailed six notices of intent to Bruer’s residential address. Because рlaintiff did not *469 provide notice “in compliance with” MCL 600.2912b, the limitation period was not tolled by MCL 600.5856(d). Consequently, the limitation period expired on July 13, 2000. Plaintiff filed the complaint on January 10, 2001, well after the limitation period еxpired.
Plaintiff urges this Court to affirm the trial court’s ruling on several grounds. First, plaintiff argues that that her “good faith” efforts to deliver the notices to defendants should save her cause of action. However, this argument ignores the fact that MCL 600.2912b does not contain a good faith requirement, but, rather, a specific requirement that the notices be mailed to the last known business or residential address of defendants. For the same reason, it is irrelevant that defendants “may have actually received the notice earlier” than if plaintiff had mailed the notices by regular mail. Likewise, the fact that defendants cannot show prejudice or delay is also irrelevant because the language of the statute is clear.
Plaintiff failed to comply with the notice requirements of MCL 600.2912b. The two-year statutory period of limitation expired before plaintiff filed hеr complaint. Therefore, the trial court erred in denying defendants’ motion for summary disposition pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(7).
Reversed.
Notes
Defendant Mercy filed a motion for summary disposition. Defendants Clive and X-ray Associates filed a conсurrence in the motion.
One of the notices of intent was addressed to Bruer. However, the notice of intent does not indicate what role, if any, Bruer had in Fournier’s treatment. Bruer was not named as a defendant in plaintiffs complaint.
Defendant Mercy argues that the trial court erroneously found that the notice was received by defendant’s Mercy’s risk management department on July 13, 2000. We find that the trial court simply misspoke whеn it stated: “Doctor Brauer [sic] was on vacation until July 16th of 2000, but delivered the Notice to Mercy Risk Management on July 13th of 2000.” Moreover, the trial court conceded that plaintiff made a mistake; it did not find that the notiсe was mailed before the statutory period of limitation had expired.
The exception permitting the notice to be mailed to the health facility where the care was rendered applies where the last known business or residential address cannot reasonably be ascertained. Plaintiff does not argue that this exception applies to this case.