1925 BTA LEXIS 2481 | B.T.A. | 1925
Lead Opinion
The question presented in this appeal is whether the taxpayer, in December, 1919, actually and in good faith sold 5,000 shares of stock of the International Fur Exchange, Inc., to his wife. There is no question that such a sale, if made in good faith, would be valid and would result in the loss claimed to have been sustained by the taxpayer. There is no substantial question as to the amount of the loss sustained, if there actually was one. The stock was transferred at the then market value.
While there is no question that husband and wife may contract with each other — may buy from and sell to each other — in all such transactions the close relationship of husband and wife is, nevertheless, to be borne in mind, and such transactions are peculiarly subject to scrutiny when they involve the rights of third parties. This applies either to the rights of creditors or to the rights of taxing authorities. Husband and wife may not play fast and loose with their respective properties to the prejudice of creditors, nor may
In this case there are three significant facts which show conclusively, we believe, that the transaction here in question was not a total, complete, and valid sale when made. The first of these- facts is the instantaneous redelivery of the stock in question, indorsed in blank to the taxpayer, with its attendant circumstances. The second is the peculiar form and character of the note given in exchange for the stock. The third is the destruction of the note when conditions changed, when the carrying out of the original plan would have rendered the transfer peculiarly disadvantageous to the wife.
Upon the first point it is clear that the wife of the taxpayer retransferred the stock indorsed in blank to him immediately after the transfer to her. This redelivery and indorsement was not accompanied by any contract in writing and the note given in exchange did not mention the terms under which the stock was surrendered to her husband. As between strangers, or between related parties engaged in a business transaction, such an arrangement is inconceivable. Between strangers there would have been a complete and full agreement in writing for the placing of the stock in escrow or in the hands of the taxpayer subject to the most stringent conditions with respect to redelivery upon the payment of the indebtedness created by its purchase. Here there was a mere delivery accompanied by indorsement in blank. Had the wife died prior to the payment of the note out of the .dividends expected, the husband would have been in a position to repossess himself of the stock and to avoid all of the legal incidents which would flow from its inclusion in her estate. Had the taxpayer desired to sell the stock without the knowledge or consent of his wife, pledge it for his debts, or otherwise deal with it as his own, he was in a position to do so.
It is incredible that a transfer of a quarter of a million dollars worth of stock in the ordinary course of a business deal would be made under the conditions surrounding this transaction. Here an alleged sale is made, the sole consideration for it being a note for $250,000 given by a person at the time worth not to exceed $15,000 to $90,000, with no cash passing. The term of the note is five years. It bears no interest. While declared to have been absolute on its face it was, as is abundantly shown by the testimony, accompanied by an understanding that the entire purchase price would be paid out of the dividends from the stock.
Most significant are the subsequent events. Contrary to all the taxpayer’s expectations, the stock thus surrendered to his wife instead of being a valuable security turned out to be worthless. The corporation became bankrupt. The taxpayer saw his personal
Q. What were your reasons for tearing that note up in 1921?
A. I did it to protect my family, for the reason I stated before, the loss and everything affected my health and I was under strain traveling between New York and St. Louis, and I did not know what might happen and I thought X had just as well destroy it.
Q. Did you think, had you met with an accident, that the banks would have carried out their intimation that they were going to release you, or that they would go back to your estate?
A. I don’t like to cast any aspersions against the banks but I did not believe it would be done and I thought that I had only had an intimation from several of the committee individually, not as a committee, that they had no intention of holding us, in view of the fact that we had done everything to help them and had really done everything that could be done, and that practically all of us had put back into the business all the money that we had left, they decided not to put us into bankruptcy.
Q. Did you think, at that time, that if you had died, this $250,000 note of your wife’s would be collectible at the instance of your administrator?
A. Undoubtedly it would have been, yes.
Realizing the liability of his estate to the banks, realizing the presence in that estate of a note for $250,000 upon which his creditors might collect from his wife, at least to the full extent of her private fortune, the taxpayer deliberately destroyed that note and destroyed that asset of his estate. If he regarded the note as á subsisting and valid obligation given to him in good faith, it is difficult to believe that he would, even under the nervous strain under which he was laboring, have deliberately done an act which constituted a fraud upon his creditors. For if this note was a valid obligation of his wife to himself it constituted a part of the assets to which his creditors had a right to look for the payment of his debts. In actual fear that his creditors would enforce his personal liability on his indorsement of the corporation paper, he destroyed the note. If the creditors had enforced their rights against him and had faced him with this transaction, what would have been his defense other than that the note was never given in the expectation that it would be paid, but was merely one of the steps in a device to avoid taxation on his income?
The taxpayer .is voluble in his protestation that the transaction was an actual sale entered into in good faith between himself and his wife. But the facts of record in this case speak more eloquently as to the real nature of the transaction than any words of witnesses.