By the Court,
Before we proceed to consider tbe matter presented by the transcript of the record before us, wé think рroper to state our opinion of the course which the law prescribes for this Court to pursue where it has adjudiсated upon a case brought within its appellate jurisdiction, as well as that w(hich the Court, whose adjudication has been thus revised, is bound to observe.
Appellate power is exercised by the Supreme Court over the proceedings of inferior courts — not by the latter on those of the former. The Supreme Court, except where bills of review, in cases in equity, and writs in the nature of a writ of error coram nobis, in suits at law, may be prosecuted, possesses no pоwer to review, revise, or reform its adjudications and opinions after the expiration of the term in which they are рronounced and recorded, unless they are suspended by an order made at that term; <lnd they irrevocably conсlude the rights of the parties thereby adjudicated. Whatever was before the Court, and is disposed of, is considered as finally settled. The inferior court is bound by the judgment or decree as the law of the case, and must carry it into executiоn according to the mandate. The inferior court cannot vary it, or judicially examine it for any other purpose than execution. It can give no other or further relief as to any matter decided by the Supreme Court even where there is error apparent; or in any manner intermeddle with it further than to execute the mandate, and settle such matters as have been remanded, not adjudicated by the Supreme Court. Skillern's Ex'rs vs. May's Ex'rs, 2 Pet. Cond. Rep. 366. Ex-parte, Sibbald vs. The United Slаtes,
After a case has been decided by the Supreme Court, and remanded to the inferior court, and is again brought bеfore the Supreme Court, nothing is before the Court for adjudication but the proceedings subsequent to the mandate. Hirnеly vs. Rose, 2 Pet. Cond. Rep. 260. The Santa Maria, 6 Pet. Cond. Rep. 176. Boyce's Ex'r vs. Grundy,
The principles above stated are, we think, сonclusively established by the authority of adjudged cases. And any departure from them would inevitably mar the harmony of the whоle judiciary system, bring its parts into conflict, and produce therein disorganization, disorder, and incalculable mischief and confusion. Besides, any rule allowing the inferior courts to disregard the adjudications of the Supreme Court, or to refuse or omit to carry them into execution would be repugnant to the principles established by the constitution, and therеfore void.
The transcript of the record upon which this Court adjudicated the case at the January term, 1842, was regularly and legally certified by the proper officer, and from it, the fact that Judge Hoge, a person not authorized to preside in the Circuit Court of Independence county, assumed to sit in that court, and was in fact upon the bench, and made the order to change the venue in this case, did not appear; but that order, as well as the other proсeedings in the case, appeared by that transcript to have transpired in the court, with the proper judicial sanction. No diminution of the record was suggested by either party; none was apparent on the face of thе transcript; and this Court was bound to consider it as true and complete, and proceed upon it to adjudicatе the case. The Court had no alternative; and the order changing the venue of the case appearing to have been made by competent authority, and in pursuance of law, that court was of course considerеd as divested of all jurisdiction of, and power over, the case, from the date of that order; and so this Court decidеd and- vacated, or, more properly speaking, declared void its judgment thereupon subsequently pronounced, and remanded the case for further proceedings to be had therein according to law, and not inconsistent with the opinion then delivered.
In executing the mandate of this Court, the Circuit Court of Independence county could legаlly do nothing more than cause a properly certified transcript of the proceedings had in the case in thаt court previous tp, and inclusive of, the order changing the venue therein, to be made out and transmitted, according to the provisions of law in such case provided, to the Circuit Court of Van Burén county, which by the change of venue had become invested with the jurisdiction of the case; and that court, but no other, could take cognizance of it, and wаs bound bylaw to adjudicate and determine it. We are, therefore; clearly of opinion the Circuit Court of Independence county committed no error in refusing to take cognizance of the case, and dismissing or striking it from the dockеt. The Circuit Court of Van Burén county was legally invested with the jurisdiction over it; and to that tribunal the parties were bound to resort fоr the adjudication thereof. And if the clerk, whose duly it was to certify and transmit to the court to which the venue had been changed, the original papers and a transcript of the record in the case properly certified, had nеglected or refused to discharge the duty in such case enjoined upon hiña by law, its performance would doubtless hаve been coerced on the proper application of either party.
But however irregular or illеgal the proceedings may have been in fact, as respects the change of venue, the question in regard thеreto had been expressly adjudicated and finally settled by this Court, and could not again be judicially examined, reviewеd, or revised by either the Circuit Court of Independence or Van Burén county. They were respectively bound to observe and execute the mandate. Decision affirmed.