34 Mo. App. 630 | Mo. Ct. App. | 1889
delivered the opinion of the court.
This is an action of unlawful detainer, brought by plaintiff against defendant, to recover possession of a lot in the city of Springfield. There was a judgment for plaintiff in the magistrate’s court, but on appeal to the circuit court, the jury returned a verdict for the defendant. Plaintiff took the case by appeal to the supreme court, and the cause was, by order of the latter court, transferred to this court for determination.
There -was no question about the possession of the lot by defendant at the time of the institution of the suit, and there was no controversy as to the actual possession of the same by plaintiff up to October, 1883. Defendant interposed two defenses to the action. (1) That at the time of the entry by defendant in October, 1884, the plaintiff was not in the acttual possession of the premises, but had abandoned the same. (2) That plaintiff had prior to defendant’s entry, in a conversation-with defendant, disclaimed having any interest in said property, and that plaintiff was therefore estopped to assert that at the time of defendant’s entry, he ( plaintiff) was in the actual possession of said property.
On the latter defense, the court, on motion of defendant, instructed the jury as follows :
“ 3. That if about ten months after the said house was burned and the said lot was vacated and uninclosed, •the plaintiff by his acts and statements, indicated and made known to the defendant that he, plaintiff, made no claim of any kind to the said lot, and had no claim or interest in the same, and that thereafter, he, defendant, -went upon the said lot, and built upon and fenced the same, then the said plaintiff is estopped from asserting any right or claim contrary to such acts and statements and cannot maintain this action.”
This instruction omits two necessary elements in every case of estoppel,, to-wit: (1) That plaintiff made
The ground on which estoppels in pais are based is, that it would be inequitable and unjust to permit the party, sought to be estopped, to prove that any material matter, which he had formerly stated to be true, was not, in point of fact, true. And no cause falls within the above rule, unless it would be a positive fraud, as against the party urging the estoppel, to permit the other party to make the proof: Tested bythis rulé, it is quite obvious that the instruction falls sliort of the requirements of the law. Because if plaintiff made the declaration claimed, in a casual conversation, with no expectation or reason to believe that defendant would be.induced to act on the statements as true,'oir if defendant was not induced to take possession of the lot on account of anything plaintiff may have said, but Was moved thereto by other and different considerations, it would not be a positive fraud to permit the plaintiff to prove that he did, at the time of defendant’s entry, have an interest in said lot. Burke v. Adams, 80 Mo. 513; Eitelgeorge v. Building Ass’n, 69 Mo. 52 ; Spurlock v. Sproule, 72 Mo. 503; Bales v. Perry, 51 Mo. 449 ; Acton v. Dooley, 74 Mo. 67. The evidence in the ■case fully warranted the giving of a correct instruction on this branch of the case, and a finding thereon for ■defendant would have been fully justified. But under the view we take of the other branch of the cáse, the judgment will not be reversed on account of the error in this instruction, because the evidence, as preserved in the bill of exceptions, shows that if the case was 'sent back for new trial, a different result could not be had. Otto v. Bent, 48 Mo. 23; Chouteau v. Uhrig, 10 Mo. 62.
The action of forcible entry and detainer, or of unlawful detainer, is purely a possessory action, and, in order to maintain it, the burden is on plaintiff to show
“1. If plaintiff was in possession of the house on. said lot by his tenant, or tenants, in October, 1883, and afterwards and while said property was so occupied by the tenant or tenants of plaintiff, said house was burned down andylestroyed, and said tenant or tenants, in consequence of said burning, abandoned said premises that the possession of said premises was not by reason of said burning of said house and the abandonment of said premises by said tenant or tenants, abandoned by said plaintiff, but that his possession of said premises continued after said burning, and was such possession as to enable plaintiff to maintain this action.”
For defendant the court instructed the jury that plaintiff must establish actual possession of the lot before he could recover.
Plaintiff ’ s instru ction is not the law. It 'is a correct legal proposition as stated in the instruction that, if the house on the premises was occupied by plaintiff’s tenant at the time it was burned, and that the tenant, after the fire, abandoned the premises, that this' did not amount to an abandonm ent of the possession by plaintiff. Plaintiff, under such circumstances, would be-presumed to be in the actual possession of the lot, -but only until he had sufficient time to indicate to the world what his intentions were concerning the possession. May v. Luckett, supra; Edwards v. Carey, supra. In case of Edwards v. Carey, the facts were that the house and fences' were burned, as in the case at bar, but there was evidence of the old improvements