Forck v. Prudential Insurance Co. of America
66 S.W.2d 983
Mo. Ct. App.
1933
Check Treatment

HELEN FORCK, APPELLANT, V. PRUDENTIAL INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA, RESPONDENT

Kansas City Court of Appeals

December 4, 1933

66 S. W. (2d) 983

The plaintiff presents in its brief that defendant by demurrer has admitted plaintiff‘s allegation that the law of Indiana controls. Defendant‘s demurrer is predicated upon the allegation that plaintiff‘s petition failed to state a cause of action. If that be found the case, we hold that a petition which states no cause of action cannot be made to state a cause of action by demurrer. Such a demurrer cannot be an aider to a statement of a cause of action.

Plaintiff‘s petition, neither as to the first and amended application or as to the execution of the policy thereon, nor as to the application for reinstatement and the reinstatement thereon, pleads either fact or circumstances from which a court can conclude that this policy, evidently issued under its privilege to do business in this State, was other than a Missouri contract, fully governed by the laws of this State. A pleading should state facts, not conclusions, and plaintiff‘s statement of its conclusion as to the law of Indiana controlling cannot be accepted in the absence of allegations of fact necessary to support such a conclusion.

Plaintiff cites much authority and its brief shows considerable legal research. In the face of the conclusions reached and stated above, we need not discuss these authorities.

We conclude that the petition fails to state a cause of action under the Missouri law, for the reason stated above; the petition does not plead the fact of an alleged breach of warranty as contributing to the death of insured. As we find nothing stated in the petition which enables us to hold that the law of another state than the law of Missouri controls, we conclude no cause of action is stated. Judgment is affirmed. All concur.

H. P. Lauf and Lewis H. Cook for appellant.

James T. Blair, Jr., Walter R. Mayne, Blair & Blair and Fordyce, White, Mayne & Williams for respondent.

CAMPBELL, C.—Plaintiff‘s petition alleges that the defendant is a corporation organized under the law of New Jersey and authorized to transact a life insurance business within the State of Missouri; that on April 18, 1931, her husband, Ben Forck, applied to the defendant for a policy of insurance “together with other employees of the Lee Jordan Lumber Company, a corporation, of Jefferson City, Missouri,” for what is known as a group insurance policy in the sum of $2000 and designated plaintiff as the beneficiary in the policy to be issued; that at the time the application was made the premium required by the defendant was paid to it; that it thereupon became and was the duty of the defendant to either issue the policy applied for to the said Ben Forck or reject the application within a reasonable time and to notify the applicant thereof; that defendant, in violation of its said duty, wrongfully failed, neglected and refused to issue said policy of insurance to the said Ben Forck, and failed and neglected to reject said application and notify the said Ben Forck thereof within a reasonable time, and that said application was pending with the defendant company at the time of the death of Ben Forck which occurred on May 23, 1931; that defendant did not return or offer to return the premium which it received. Judgment is prayed in the sum of $2000, the amount of damages alleged.

The cause was tried and plaintiff had a verdict and judgment in the sum of $2000. The defendant filed motion for new trial which the court sustained upon the ground that plaintiff‘s petition did not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action.

Courts have said that a life insurance company receiving an application for life insurance is in duty bound to act with reasonable diligence in accepting or rejecting it, and that failure to do so is a tort for which it is liable in damages. [

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The following authorities hold that an application for life insurance is a mere proposal and that the life insurance company receiving an application is not required to accept or reject it or to notify the applicant that his application has been accepted or rejected; that in event the premium accompanied the application the company is liable for a return of the premium if it fails to accept the application within a reasonable time. [

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But plaintiff is not in position to have determined the question as to whether or not the alleged failure of defendant was a breach of duty rendering it liable in damages. The duty, if any, was owing to the applicant, Ben Forck, and not to the plaintiff.

Negligence is a positive wrong, a breach of duty, and no person may recover damages because of the wrong save the one to whom the duty was owing.

The case of

, has been cited with approval many times. In that case Joseph M. Duffie on April 8, 1911, applied to the defendant therein for insurance upon his life, naming his wife as beneficiary in the policy applied for. The applicant, Duffie, died on July 9, 1911. The insurance company did not accept or reject the application during the life of the applicant. After the death of the applicant his widow brought suit to recover damages for the alleged negligent failure of the insurance company to accept or reject the application. The administratrix of the decedent intervened and was made a party defendant. The court held that plaintiff had no cause of action for the reason “there was no contract, and the negligence, if any, was that of failing to discharge a duty owing the deceased;” that the injury was to the applicant, and that his legal representative could maintain action for resulting damages.

It is apparent that the great weight of authority is to the effect that an insurance company does not owe any duty to the person designated as beneficiary in an application for life insurance.

We hold that the defendant in this case upon the pleaded facts did not owe any duty to plaintiff and hence she may not have determined the question as to whether or not the defendant was owingduty to her husband to accept or reject his application. We shall not discuss the question as to whether or not it was the duty of defendant to accept or reject the application within a reasonable time, nor shall we discuss the question as to whether or not a cause of action accrued to Ben Forck in his lifetime. Neither will we determine the question as to whether or not the cause of action, if any, survived to his legal representative for the reason that such questions are not presented in the record.

Plaintiff argues that an executor or administrator may sue in his own name and not necessarily in his official capacity. The record does not disclose that plaintiff is the legal representative of her deceased husband. Therefore there is no basis for the contention.

The plaintiff insists that the defect, if any, in parties plaintiff appears on the face of the petition and was waived by the failure of the defendant to raise the question by special demurrer. A mere defect in parties plaintiff must be raised by special demurrer or it is waived. The question is not one of a mere defect in parties plaintiff but a total failure of the petition to show right of action in plaintiff.

It is settled law that a petition failing to state facts showing a cause of action against the defendant or failing to show that the plaintiff has right in the action is insufficient. [

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The petition is founded upon the theory that plaintiff was named as the beneficiary in the application and in virtue thereof was entitled to recover for an alleged negligent performance of a duty owing to her. We held that the defendant was not owing a duty to her and she may not complain of a breach of duty, if any, owing by the insurance company to her husband.

The order and judgment of the court sustaining the motion for new trial is affirmed. Reynolds, C., concurs.

PER CURIAM:—The foregoing opinion of CAMPBELL, C., is adopted as the opinion of the court. The order and judgment of the court sustaining the motion for new trial is affirmed. All concur.