5 Pa. Commw. 304 | Pa. Commw. Ct. | 1972
Opinion by
The Borough of Monroeville, its Planning Commission, its Zoning Officer and its Borough Manager, defendants below, appeal to us the order of summary judgment in mandamus by the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County. Appellee, James Foltz, Jr., in mandamus sought to compel the issuance of building-permits. Intervening- appellants who are residents of the neighborhood where Foltz’s proposed commercial
The Borough, its allies in the local government, and Intervenors raise three major questions in their appeal: (1) Is an action in mandamus whose prayer is to compel the issuance of permits based upon the 45-day rule of Municipalities Planning Code thwarted by a tardy decision by the municipality? (2) Does a statutory appeal from the tardy decision create an adequate remedy at law? and, (3) Does relief in mandamus based upon the 45-day rule, thus blocking protestants’ appeal, violate their constitutional and statutory rights of due process?
The first two issues were very ably disposed of by the court below in the opinion of Judge Price, the relevant parts of which herein quoted, with the addition of a few explanatory footnotes of our own, we will adopt:
“Plaintiff has moved the court to grant a summary judgment in its favor in accordance with Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure 1098. Following the filing of the complaint, defendants brought preliminary objections thereto challenging the propriety of plaintiff’s action. Plaintiff thereafter filed an affidavit in support of its motion for summary judgment, and defendant filed an answer to plaintiff’s motion.
“On October 7, 1970, plaintiff made application for a building permit which was denied by defendant Zoning Officer Jack R. Norris. Thereafter, plaintiff appealed to the Zoning Board of Monroeville, which Board held hearings on October 20, 1970, November 24, 1970, and December 10, 1970. On January 26, 1971, forty-six (46) days after the last hearing, the Board adopted a resolution denying plaintiff’s application, a copy of which was mailed to plaintiff on February 1, 1971. This copy was plaintiff’s first notice of the denial of his application. Plaintiff’s complaint in mandamus
“Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure 1098 provides : ‘At any time after the filing of the complaint, the court may enter judgment if the right of the plaintiff thereto is clear. . . .’ Plaintiff asserts that he satisfies the requirements of the rule in that Section 908 of the Municipal Planning Code, 1968, July 31, P. L. 53, P.S. §10908, together with Humble Oil and Refining Company v. Borough of East Lansdowne, 424 Pa. 309, [227 A. 2d 664 (1967)], establishes that he has a clear right to a summary judgment in mandamus-to compel the issuance of the permit.
“Section 908 in relevant part provides: 1(9) The Board or the hearing officer, as the case may be, shall render a written decision, or, when no decision is called for, make written findings on the application within 45 days. . . . Where the Board has the power to render a decision and the Board or the hearing officer, as the case may be, fails to render the same within the period required by this clause, the decision shall be deemed to have been rendered in favor of the applicant. ‘(10) A copy of the final decision or, where no decision is called for, of the findings, shall be delivered to the applicant personally or mailed to him not later than the day following its date.’ In the Humble case, supra, where the Board failed to act within the prescribed 45-day period, the Supreme Court affirmed the mandamus order compelling the issuance of the permit granted by the court below. Plaintiff, stressing the applicability of the Humble case to the present one, contends that we should grant his motion for summary judgment. . . .
“Defendants maintain that the 45-day rule is not applicable here. According to defendants, the words ‘deemed to have been rendered in favor of the appli
“On the other hand, the opinion in the Humble case, cited in plaintiff’s brief, convinces us that these words create a statutory presumption after the 45-day period has expired, which is conclusive. In the Humble case, a hearing was held on plaintiff’s permit application on May 24, 1966. A hearing scheduled for May 31, 1966 was cancelled by defendant. The opinion and order of the Board was signed on August 8, 1966, and sent to plaintiff on August 11, 1966. Plaintiff meanwhile had initiated its action in mandamus to compel the granting of the permit on August 10, 1966. The Supreme Court upheld the lower court’s decision granting plain
“Next, defendants argue that plaintiff’s complaint fails to state a cause of action because plaintiff, having filed an appeal from the adverse ruling of the Board, has an adequate remedy at law. Therefore, this court should not entertain the mandamus action. In their brief, defendants cite Boron Oil Company Appeal, 35 D. & C. 2d 666; Ammon R. Smith Auto Company Appeal, 79 York 145; and Beverly Building Corporation v. Lower Merion Township (No. 1), 79 Mont. Co. L.R. 166, in support of their argument. Defendants cite additional cases in their supplemental brief.
“We are unpersuaded by defendants’ argument on this issue. The Boron and Beverly Building, supra,
Finally, Intervenors contend that to hold that the 45-day rule to mandate a decision conclusively in favor of the applicant takes away the right of protestants to appeal decisions of Zoning Hearing Boards under Section 1003 of the Municipalities Planning Code, 53 P.S. §11003. We disagree. We have affirmed the holding of the court below that the Zoning Hearing Board issued a decision by operation of law on January 25, 1971 which was not affected by a resolution adopted by the Board on the following day. Intervenors had the right to appeal that decision and in fact they attempted to do so after the lower court had made a determination in this mandamus action. We do not have before us nor do we pass upon the scope of review on such an appeal.
Affirmed,.
We note that in Ryan, the assumption that that author, considers the words “deemed to have been rendered in favor of the applicant” as rebuttable and not conclusive stems from the author’s position that when an appeal is taken from a tardy opinion by the Board, the question of the 45-day rule is merely another issue to be answered in the appeal. This does not mean, however, that Ryan would not be in agreement with the position that, if the 45-day rule is found to have been violated, the appeal must be decided in favor of the applicant.
We are not in total agreement with Judge Price’s reading of Beverly Building (No. 1). In that case, the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County, in' deciding the specific issue of whether a tardy decision and subsequent appeal precluded mandamus because it supplied an adequate remedy at law, held that mandamus was no longer an adequate remedy. This holding was not appealed, and contrary to the assertions of appellants’ counsel was not before the Supreme Court in Beverly Building (No. 2), 409 Pa. 417, 187 A. 2d 567 (1963). For the reasons set forth in the ease now before us, we believe that Beverly Building (No. 1) was erroneously decided.
In addition to the reasons set forth by Judge Price, we believe that the holding in Beverly Building (No. 1), would only countenance confusion and delay. What would be the effect of a decision handed down by the municipality on the eve of a mandamus proceeding; or the fature of an applicant to take an appeal from a decision he believes to be a nullity because of its tardiness? If a decision rendered after 45 days is conclusively deemed in favor of the applicant, as we believe Humble holds, is not the only question for the courts the factual determination of whether the decision was tardy? This question is better raised by complaint than appeal.
The Borough also contends that by eliminating the protestants’ right to appeal, this Court deprives them of their constitutional right of due process. The essence of this contention is that property owners have the right to a determination on the merits of the effect of the proposed use on their property. Because it goes to the scope of review in the intervenor’s appeal, this question is not before us. However, with the right to bring actions for private nuisance, we are at a loss to comprehend the constitutional basis for the right to a private landowner to preliminary review of a neighbor’s proposed use of his own property.