112 P. 544 | Cal. | 1910
The defendants are the heirs and devisees of John B. Rohrer, who died in July, 1908. On October 1, 1907, said decedent was the owner of a lot of land in the city of Los Angeles. He signed a deed of gift bearing said last-named date and purporting to convey the lot to the plaintiffs. The instrument was never acknowledged or recorded, and this action was brought to obtain a decree that the plaintiffs are the owners of the land, and that the deed be proved so as to entitle the same to be recorded. The complaint alleges that the deed was executed and delivered to the plaintiffs on the day of its date. The answer denies the delivery. The court found in favor of the allegations of the complaint, and gave judgment accordingly. The defendants appeal from this judgment and from an order denying their motion for a new trial.
The main question presented is whether the evidence sustains the finding that the deed had been delivered by John B. Rohrer to the plaintiffs. Raymond I. Follmer, one of the plaintiffs, was a nephew of the decedent. He and the co-plaintiff, his wife, occupied, together with the decedent, a house situated on the lot in controversy. Follmer testified as follows: "In the latter part of November, 1907, I came home from my office . . . and in passing through the hall my uncle called me and I went into the sitting-room where he was. He was sitting at his desk. He got up and gave me this deed and said, `Here is a deed of gift in favor of yourself and wife; take it and take care of it.' I looked at the instrument and returned it to him, and he took an envelope from his desk and inserted it and gave it to me. I sealed it up and put it in my pocket, and thanked him very much as a matter of course. That is all that was said at that time that I remember." The witness testified further that he kept the paper until May, 1908. During a part of this period he had it on his person, and at other times in a safe at the city hall or in a safe deposit box. In May his uncle suggested that he had made his will and that it would be a good thing to put the deed with the will. Follmer made no objection to this, and returned the instrument to Rohrer. The latter subsequently handed it to Mrs. Follmer, under circumstances that need not be detailed. It appeared, further, that the alleged grantor, Rohrer, paid the taxes on the *757 lot for the year 1907-8; that a sworn statement of his property, including the lot in question, bore the initials of the plaintiff Augusta H. Follmer, and was filed with the city assessor; that a similar statement of property owned by plaintiff Raymond I. Follmer, and sworn to by him on August 2, 1908, did not include the lot in question; that said plaintiff Raymond was named as executor in the will of John B. Rohrer and that in his petition for letters testamentary he described, as real property left by the decedent, the lot in question, "subject to a partially executed conveyance of said real property by John B. Rohrer, deceased, to Raymond I. Follmer and Augusta H. Follmer." There was also testimony that Follmer never asked or obtained any assignment of the fire insurance policies covering the house, that he did not during the life of the decedent mention to his wife the fact that he and she had received a gift of the property, and that, after the decedent's death, he had stated that he had no previous knowledge of the deed.
The foregoing statement includes virtually all of the testimony on the disputed issue of delivery. It will be noted that there are circumstances tending to contradict the claim of the respondents that the deed had been delivered. The continuance of the alleged grantor's residence in the house, his payment of taxes, the failure of Follmer to list the property as his for purposes of taxation, the want of any transfer or request for a transfer of insurance, the declaration of Follmer that he had known nothing of the deed — all these were facts which the trial court might well have regarded as tending to show that there had been no delivery of the deed, although some of them, at least, were not inconsistent with delivery. But, if there was also testimony which would justify an inference that a delivery had
taken place, the testimony to the contrary did no more than to raise a conflict which was, under the established rule of this court, to be finally settled in the trial court. Follmer's statement regarding the handing of the deed to him, and the attending conversation, may well have been true, notwithstanding the admissions made by him on cross-examination. If true, it clearly supports the finding of delivery. The legal requisites of a delivery have often been stated by this court. "A valid *758
delivery is accomplished when the conduct and acts of a grantor manifest a present intent to dispose of the title conveyed by the deed. No particular form of delivery is necessary; but any act or thing which manifests such an intent is sufficient to establish it. It is always a question of fact, and must be determined by the circumstances surrounding each transaction." (Kenniff v.Caulfield,
Nor was there anything in the transaction to compel the conclusion that the grantor undertook or intended to retain the right to recall the deed. "In every case where the deed has been declared invalid by reason of failure of delivery, it will be found that the grantor reserved some rights over the instrument; that he failed to part with all control and dominion over it; that upon the happening of some event, or contingency or condition, he had the right if so disposed, to reach out and take it from the possession of the depositary." (Bury v. Young,
In their closing brief, the appellants make, for the first time, the suggestion that the deed in question, being neither acknowledged nor witnessed, is not an instrument "entitled to be proved for record," and that the plaintiffs have not, therefore, shown their right, under section
The judgment and order appealed from are affirmed.
Angellotti, J., and Shaw, J., concurred. *760
