154 P. 837 | Cal. | 1916
Lead Opinion
This is an action for divorce. Plaintiff was awarded an interlocutory decree, from which defendant appeals. The judgment was reversed by the district court of appeal of the third district, solely on the ground that there was no express finding that plaintiff had resided in the state or in the county in which the action was brought for the periods specified in section 128 of the Civil Code, that section providing that "a divorce must not be granted unless the plaintiff has been a resident of the state one year, and of the county in which the action is brought three months, next preceding the commencement of the action," and also that there was no evidence adduced on the trial to show such residence. The decision of the district court of appeal was vacated and the case ordered transferred to this court for determination because we were not satisfied as to the correctness of certain views expressed by that court in its opinion.
Plaintiff's complaint contains a sufficient allegation of residence in accord with the provisions of said section 128 of the Civil Code, it being alleged that "said plaintiff resides in the City and County of San Francisco, State of California, and has resided in said city and county for more than four years next immediately preceding the commencement of this action." Any suggestion that such allegation is defective for the reason that it is not in so many words alleged that such residence was "bona fide" is unwarranted by anything contained in the statute, and if anything to the contrary is intimated by language used in Coleman v. Coleman,
The allegation of residence was not denied by the answer. In fact, in her cross-complaint, stating a cause of action for permanent support and maintenance under section 137 of the Civil Code, defendant alleged that both parties were, and for more than one year next preceding the commencement of the *748 action had been, residents of the city and county of San Francisco. The bill of exceptions, which affirmatively states that it "contains all of the testimony introduced and all of the proceedings had on the trial of said action," shows that no actual proof of residence was required, and that the court accepted the admission of the parties on that proposition, it being stated simply that "it was admitted that . . . the plaintiff had resided in San Francisco, as set forth in the complaint." The court made no express finding as to residence.
In the ordinary case, of course, it would be a complete answer to any suggestion of error warranting reversal under these circumstances, that the allegation of residence was admitted by the pleadings, and also expressly admitted by the parties on the trial. This would obviate the necessity of either proof or finding. But under our law an action for divorce is sui generis. The well-settled policy of the law is to protect the marriage relation and to prevent its dissolution in any case, even where the parties consent to or desire its dissolution, unless cause recognized by the law as warranting the same exists. Section 130 of the Civil Code provides, as it has ever since the year 1874, that "no divorce can be granted upon the default of the defendant or upon the uncorroborated statement, admission, or testimony of the parties, or upon any statement or finding of fact made by a referee; but the court must, . . . require proof of the facts alleged." The object of this provision is, of course, to prevent the obtaining of a divorce by collusion between the parties, where no lawful ground for a divorce exists. Its effect necessarily is to make it erroneous for a court to grant a divorce in the absence of some proof, independent of the admissions and statements of the parties, of the facts warranting such action. That a party appealing from a judgment of divorce may successfully urge such error as a ground for reversal, even though the essential fact was admitted by the pleadings, appears to follow, and was decided in Bennett v. Bennett,
It must be taken as settled by the decisions that the residence prescribed by section 128 of the Civil Code is essential to the jurisdiction of a court to grant a divorce, and also that the complaint must allege such residence. The question whether the residence essential to jurisdiction exists as *749
matter of fact is, of course, one to be determined by the trial court, but obviously, in its determination, the trial court is controlled by the provisions of section 130 of the Civil Code, and cannot act upon the uncorroborated statement, admission, or testimony of the parties. This, we think, is clearly the effect of the decision in Bennett v. Bennett,
In view of certain language of the opinion inColeman v. Coleman,
It is urged that if the judgment be reversed, we should order, in the exercise of our discretion, that a new trial be limited to the single issue of residence. We have examined *750 the record with this suggestion in view, and are of the opinion that no such limitation should be made.
The judgment is reversed.
Henshaw, J., Sloss, J., Melvin, J., and Lawlor, J., concurred.
Dissenting Opinion
I dissent. I think the case comes within the rule of section 4 1/2 of article VI of the constitution. Furthermore the case was hotly contested in the lower court. There was no collusion. The lack of corroborative evidence was not urged below. The objection should not be allowed to prevail on appeal. It is clearly the result of an after-thought.