223 P. 524 | Idaho | 1924
— This action was, commenced in the district court of Minidoka county against respondents, as executors of the estate of John Joseph Gray, deceased, and was thereafter transferred to the district court of Ada county, upon motion and affidavit of said executors that the county in which said action was commenced was not the proper county.
Appellants’ action was to recover $65,649 damages for an alleged breach of the following contract:
“THIS AGREEMENT, made and entered into this 17th day of January, 1920, by and between George B. Flynn of Dedo, Idaho, and J. J. Gray of Boise, Idaho, as follows, to-wit: For and in consideration of the sum of*551 Seven Thousand and No One Hundred ($7,000.00) in hand paid by J. J. Gray to George B. Flynn, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged and I, or we, agree to sell and deliver on or about May 1st, 1920 to May 20th, 1920, at Minidoka District, f. o. b. cars —— head of ewes at - Dollars, about Seven thousand head of lambs at $12.00 per head; said sheep branded with a Flynn commonly known as George B. Flynn yearling Ewe lambs. Seller to give ten days notice on delivery date and George B. Flynn agrees to deliver all the yearling ewes that he has which is between 6 and 8000 head, free from all encumbrance to be delivered Wool off at shearing time. Said sheep to be free from sicks, runts, cripples, long tails and bucks, and to pass U. S. Government inspection and in good driving condition. If bought by weight to be weighed with dry fleece. About 85 per cent pure and medium, and 15 per cent with wool.
“ (Signed) G. B. FLYNN
“(Signed) J. J. GRAY.
“Witness:
“D. B. FIELD.”
The complaint alleges that on March 21, 1920, the said John Joseph Gray died at Boise City, in Ada county; that thereafter, at the request of his agents and representatives, the time of the delivery of the sheep mentioned in the above contract was by mutual consent extended until June 5, 1920; that on that day, and for several days thereafter, appellants tendered a delivery of said animals and a full compliance with the terms of their agreement, but that respondents refused to accept said sheep or to pay for them pursuant to said agreement, to appellants’ damage in said sum of $65,649; that the respondents were, on April 19, 1920, duly appointed the executors of the estate of said John Joseph Gray, and qualified, and ever since have been so acting; that such executors caused notice to be given to creditors, and that on December 23d thereafter appellants presented to said executors a notice of their said claim, which was re
“1920.
June 5. 7908 head .$94,896.00
Jan. 17. Credit by cash as per contract .$7,000.00
June 6. Balance due on contract.$87,896.00
June 6. Total running expenses, 6/6/20 to 12/6/20 . 13,032.84
$100,928.84
Interest on $87,896.00 6/6/20 to 12/6/201 @7% per annum 6 mo. 3,076.36
$104,005.20
Credits:
Sale 1263 head to Clay R. 10/11/20 7,806.96 Interest on $7806.96 10/11/20 to
12/6/20 . 83.50
Sale 2238 head to Clay R. 10/19/20 9,261.04
Interest on $9261.04 10/19/20 to 12/6/20 . 72.70
3552 head on hand 12/6/20 valued at $6.00 per head. 21,312.20
Balance due 12/6/20.$ 65,652.00”
Respondents filed & general demurrer to this complaint, and thereafter by leave of court, but after the time for filing claims against said estate had expired, amended said demurrer, adding thereto special grounds, among others that the purported cause of action was barred by certain provisions of the statutes, alleging in the demurrer that notice to creditors was given on April 21, 1920, and that no claim in writing or otherwise was exhibited or presented by appellants to said executors as therein required within ten months after the first publica
Immediately upon filing the amended demurrer, ap.pellants asked leave to amend their complaint in the following particulars: by ' including therein an allegation that a copy of the contract sued on was furnished to the executors and to the attorneys for the executors, prior to the filing of the claim with them, and after the commencement of the probate proceedings; and to amend their claim as presented to the executors in the following particulars :
“(a) By adding the words ‘of sheep’ in the first line of said claim.
“(b) By adding after the word ‘contract’ the word ‘attached’ in the second line of said claim.
“(c) By adding after the word ‘expenses’ the words ‘running sheep’ in the fourth line of said claim.
“(d) By adding after the figures ‘1263’ the word ‘sheep’ in the eighth line of said claim.
“(e) By adding after the word ‘head’ the words ‘of sheep’ in the tenth line of said claim.
“(f) By adding after the word ‘head’ the words ‘of sheep’ in the twelfth line of said claim.”
The application to amend was denied, the demurrer sustained, and appellants’ cause of action dismissed, from which judgment of dismissal this appeal is taken.
Respondents move to dismiss the appeal on the following grounds: (1) That the order appealed from is neither a final judgment nor an appealable order; (2) that the transcript contains no proof of the service of the notice
The order of dismissal contains the following:
“It is hereby ordered that neither the said plaintiffs nor any of them take anything in this action and that said action be dismissed at the plaintiff’s costs.”
The first contention is without merit. In Swinehart v. Turner, 36 Ida. 450, 211 Pac. 558, it is said that whether an instrument is an order or a judgment must be determined from its contents, and not from its title. A judgment, as defined in C. S., sec. 6826, is a final determination of the rights of the parties in an action or proceeding.
With regard to the second ground, the record shows that subsequent to the filing of the record on appeal, an application was made for a diminution of the record, which was granted, and a certified copy of the notice of appeal was filed as a part of the record, which shows service of the notice upon respondents.
The third ground of the motion to dismiss the appeal is that the notice of appeal does not fully describe or identify the judgment of dismissal from which the appeal is taken. From what has been said as to the first ground, it will be seen that this is also without merit, and the motion to dismiss the appeal is denied.
Appellants also move to strike respondents’ brief from the files, for the reason that it was not filed within the time prescribed by Buie 45 of this court. This motion is denied, because the time for filing such brief was extended. A brief will not be stricken from the files for delay in filing, where the delay has not prejudiced the adverse party, if the brief tends to aid the court in examining the questions presented by the appeal, although a brief filed out of time without permission is subject to be stricken.
Appellants’ motion to strike respondents’ motion to. dismiss the appeal because the objection was not filed within the time limited by Bule 51 is denied. Utana
Considering the appeal upon its merits, appellants specify as errors: (1) the refusal of the court to permit appellants in their action in the district court to amend "the claim presented to and rejected by the executors; (2) 'refusing to allow appellants in the district court to attach a copy of the contract to the rejected claim; (3) sustaining the demurrer; (4) entering judgment of dismissal against plaintiffs.
It will be observed that this appeal presents two principal questions, first as to whether the claim presented to the executors was sufficient in form to be intelligible, and in compliance with the law governing the presentation of claims to an executor or administrator in a probate proceeding, and secondly, if not, could it be amended after its disallowance by the executor and the commencement of an action in “the proper court” as provided for in C. S., see. 7586.
C. S., see. 7585; in part reads:
“Every claim allowed by the executor or administrator and approved by the probate judge, or a copy thereof, as hereinafter provided, must, within 30 days thereafter, be filed in the probate court, and be ranked among the acknowledged debts of the estate, to be paid in due course of administration. If the claim is founded on a bond, bill, note or any other instrument, a copy of such instrument must accompany the claim, and the original instrument must be exhibited if demanded, unless it is lost or destroyed.”
It is conceded in the instant case that the contract which is the basis of this cause of action did not in fact accompany the claim presented to the executors, and that neither the original nor a copy of this contract was presented to them at any time within the ten months’ period allowed for the presentation of claims against the estate. The failure to do so is sought to be excused on the ground that appellants were led to believe, and did believe, at the time and before
It is urged that this being a claim for damages, arising out of an alleged breach of a contract between the deceased G-ray and appellants for the purchase and delivery of about 7,000 head of yearling ewe lambs, was a transaction between sheepmen, who do not maintain offices and employ professional bookkeepers; that the account, as kept on the books of appellants and presented to the executors, was in such form as would ordinarily be kept by this class of tradespeople, and would be easily understood by them, and should be considered sufficient in the form presented. Appellants also claim that the conduct of the executors was such as to induce appellants to believe that they had- a copy of this contract in their possession, and that they did not require an additional copy, and secondly, that the account itself, when considered in connection with its purpose, could not have been so indefinite, uncertain and unintelligible as to have misled the executors, and that if it was so insufficient in form that it was not understood, it was the duty of respondents to advise appellants to this effect. We do not agree with this contention. The claim is a large one, and relates to a business transaction of more than ordinary
It is the policy of the law that all just debts of an estate shall be paid, and that creditors having claims shall make out, verify and present them in such manner, and with such statements and vouchers, that the representatives of the deceased may allow them if legal, and reject them if in law they should be rejected. The claim, as presented and passed upon by the executors, was the foundation of appellants’ cause of action. They could not come into court and allege or prove any other or different cause of action than that stated in the claim. The executors were entitled to have the claim presented in a sufficiently intelligent form to enable them to pass upon it legally. (Etchas v. Orena, 127 Cal. 588, 60 Pac. 45.)
The purpose of requiring the presentation of claims against estates is, first, to furnish the administrator with pertinent evidence touching the validity and justness of such claims, by means of which he may determine for himself whether they ought to be paid out of the funds of the estate, and second, to enable him to justify his acts, in some measure at least, in accounting with the probate court. (Willis v. Marks, 29 Or. 493, 45 Pac. 293.)
The claim as presented to the executors is certainly unintelligible. When it is considered in connection with the contract out of which it is claimed to have arisen, it is found to be based upon an alleged breach of an agreement entered into on January 17,-,1920, between the deceased Gray and two of the appellants, whereby they claim they agreed to sell and the deceased agreed to purchase about 7,000 head of -lambs, at $12 per head, the same to be de-
Administrators and executors occupy toward an estate which they represent a fiduciary relation of peculiar significance. They are required by C. S., sec. 7578', immediately after their appointment to give notice to creditors. This notice must require all persons who have claims against the estate to present them, with the necessary vouchers, at the place specified in the notice. C. S., see. 7581, requires all claims arising upon contract, whether the same be due, not due or contingent, to be presented within the time limited in the notice, and any claim not so presented is barred forever, with the exception of a single instance, that of the claimant being out of the state when notice is given. C. S., sec. 7582, requires every claim presented to be supported by the affidavit of the claimant or someone on his behalf that it is justly due, that no payments have been made thereon which are not credited, and that there are no offsets to the same. C. S., sec. 7585, provides that if the claim is founded on a bond, bill, note or any other instrument, a copy of such instrument must accompany the claim, and the original instrument must be exhibited if demanded, unless it is lost or destroyed, in which case the claimant must accompany the same by his affidavit containing a copy or particular description of such instrument, stating its loss or destruction. After the administrator or executor allows the claim, it must then be presented to the probate judge for his approval, who must in like manner indorse thereon his allowance or rejection. C. S., sec. 7586,
“An administrator or executor has no authority to pay claims against the estate of which he has charge, except when they are presented within the time and in the manner required by law. If he pays in disregard of the requirements of the law, he may be required to make good to the estate all sums so illegally paid out.” (Schneeberger v. Frazer, 36 Ida. 737, 213 Pac. 568.)
In Stockton Savings Bank v. McGown, 170 Cal. 600, 150 Pac. 985, it is said:
“No authority has been cited, and our own industry has revealed none, that excuses the omission of anything from a claim like this so clearly necessary as is the setting up of the principal obligation. If hardship results from the enforcement of this rule, the remedy is with the legislature, not with us. Our duty is to enforce the statutes in all of their essentials.”
In Davis v. Superior Court, 35 Cal. App. 473, 170 Pac. 437, the court holds:
“If founded on a written contract, a copy of the contract must be attached to the claim.”
Dillabough v. Brady, 115 Wash. 76, 196 Pac. 627, holds that a court has no power to authorize an administrator to waive compliance with the probate law.
See, also, Vanderpool v. Vanderpool, 48 Mont. 448, 138 Pac. 772; Burnett v. Neraal (Mont.), 214 Pac. 955; Bank of Sonoma County v. Charles, 86 Cal. 322, 24 Pac. 1019; Turner’s Estate, 128 Cal. 388, 60 Pac. 967; Perkins v. Onyett, 86 Cal. 348, 24 Pac. 1024.
Appellants erroneously argue that the commencement of this action against the executors in the district court, within the time limited for presenting claims against an estate to the executors, and the service of summons upon
“Probate law is a creature of the statute. Each point thereof is governed by the statute in force in the particular state, and little aid can be gained from text writers or from the decisions of other states where the statutes are not identical, or at least analogous.”
There seem to be two classes of procedure, one wherein the presentation of a claim to the administrator or executor prior to the commencement of an action is not a prerequisite to maintaining such action, and the second in those jurisdictions, as in this state, wherein, as provided by C. S., sec. 7581, such claim must be presented, whether due, not due or contingent, within the time limit, and if not so presented, shall be regarded as forever barred, and as further required by C. S., sec. 7586, when the claim is rejected by either the executor, administrator or probate judge, the holder must bring suit in the proper court against the administrator or executor within three months after the notice of rejection. The “proper court” referred to is the court having civil jurisdiction to try such a matter. (Idaho Trust Co. v. Miller, 16 Ida. 308, 102 Pac. 360.) The action required to be brought under the provisions of this section to recover the rejected claim, if it be a demand for money, is an action at law, and C. S., sec. 7588, expressly provides that no holder of any claim against an estate shall maintain any action thereon unless the claim is first presented to the executor or administrator, except in the following case; by the holder of a mortgage lien against property of the estate, where all recourse against other property is expressly waived.
Supporting the view that an action cannot be maintained upon a claim against an estate until it has been first presented to the executor or administrator substantially in the manner prescribed by the statute, and rejected, and hence
The case of Clayton v. Dinwoodey, 33 Utah, 251, 14 Ann. Cas. 926, 93 Pac. 723, arising under statutes like our own is the only case, so far as we have found, which holds that the commencement of an action upon a claim before it has been presented to or rejected by the administrator or executor is a sufficient presentation, and that the action can be maintained. How far the court was influenced in reaching this conclusion by the fact that the Utah constitution gives to the district court probate jurisdiction does not appear from the opinion. In any event, it is not in harmony with the holding in other states having like statutes. Nor is the construction given to thesé statutes warranted by the language used, which clearly requires the presentation of the claim before suit can be maintained.
After what has been said as to the necessity of first presenting a claim substantially in the manner required by statute, before a suit can be maintained upon such claim, it would not appear necessary to consider at length the argument that under C. S., sec. 6726, the claim may be amended in some material respect at the time or after such action is commenced. This is the statute of jeofaües or amendments (3 Blackstone’s Comm. 407). However, it is not intended to include amendments of the character here proposed. After the rejection of a claim by the administrator or executor, the right to sue on such a claim in any court of competent jurisdiction immediately accrues to the holder of the claim. This right is purely statutory, and is not an appeal from a judgment of the probate court exercising probate jurisdiction. It is, however, analogous to the power that a reviewing court exercises in matters of appeal.
It follows from what has been said that the judgment of the court below must be affirmed, and it is so ordered, with costs to respondents.