Lead Opinion
This case grew out of the same collision as that which precipitated the case of Florida Motor Lines, Inc. vs. Mollie Jane Ward, decided this dаte. The pleadings in both cases were the same except that in the latter case they show that plaintiff’s intestate, Robert I Ward, was the ownеr and driver of the Dodge car which collided with the motor bus of defendant, while in the instant case plaintiff’s intestate, James R. ITill, was the guest and compаnion of Robert I. Ward and was sitting on the front seat at Ward’s right when the collision too'k place. Ward and Hill were both killed and Hill’s wife brings this action.
The same witnеsses testified to the like effect in both eases. In the instant case, some testimony was introduced that was not brought out in the Ward case which made the defense stronger. The trial resulted in a verdict and judgment for the plaintiff in the sum of ten thousand dollars and defendant took writ of error.
There are no questions raised in this case necessary to treat that were not raised and treated in the Ward case except the question of contributory negligence as applied to plaintiff’s husband, he being a passenger with or the invited guest of Ward. What we said in the Ward case is consequently decisivе of the questions raised in this case.
Ordinarily, contributory negligence on the part o'f the driver of a motor vehicle will not be imputed to a guest or invitee if he relies on the skill of the driver and does not attempt to impose his will on the driver to see that the machine is properly propellеd. There are many modificatiohs to this rule. If the passenger knows of dangers that are not known to the driver he is. not protected by this rule. Other excеptions to this rule, depending on the cir *35 cumstances of the case, may arise. Hnddy on Automobiles (5th Edition) 909.
Notwithstanding this rule, a person riding in an automobile drivеn by another is not relieved from all perso'nal responsibility for his own care and safety. He must exercise such care to avoid injury as an ordinary prudent person would exercise under like circumstances. Seaboard Air Line Ry. Co. vs. Watson,
The record disclosing that the defendant was free frоm negligence, the judgment belo’w is therefore reversed on authority of Florida Motor Lines, Inc. vs. Mollie Jane Ward, decided this date.
Reversed.
Concurrence Opinion
(Concurring).—I hardly think the evidence could be held to show any negligence on the part of Mr. Hill. But for the reasons stated in Mr. Justice Terrell’s opinion in the case of Floridа Motor Lines v. Ward, growing odt of the same collision, and the writer’s concurring opinion, I am inclined to the view that the weight and legal effect of the evidence shows that the sole proximate cause of the death of defendant in error’s intestate was the negligence of the driver of the car in which Mr. Hill was riding, and that the judgment should therefore be reversed.
Dissenting Opinion
(Dissenting).—I concurred in the reversal of the judgment in the case of Florida Motor Lines, Inc., versus Mollie Jane Ward, which is the companion case to this one, because of the showing made by the preponderance of the evidence in that case that the driver of the Dodge car, whose widow was plaintiff in that suit, was guilty of such contributory negligence as would bar recovery undеr the principles of the common law. I also agree to' much that is said in the very able and exhaustive *36 opinion filed in that case by this Court speaking through MR. JUSTICE TERRELL.
But I am unable to reach the conclusion that the weight of the evidence is affirmatively to the effect that the driver of the bus which caused thе death of two of the occupants of the Dodge car, was entirely cmcl wholly: free from negligence in the operation o'f the bus, so as to render the bus company entirely free from liability to the guest who was riding in the car whose driver was eontributorily negligent, but whose other occupants are not shown in the leаst degree to have any connection with the operation of the car, not liable to the consequences of the contributory negligеnce of which the driver of the Dodge has been declared to be guilty.
Giving the verdict of the jury in this ease the weight to1 which it is entitled in an appellate court when it comes here with the approval of able trial judge, such as presided at the trial of this case in the court below, I find no warrant for setting it aside on the ground that there was no showing whatsoever to' justify a finding of any negligence on the part of the driver of the bus. If the bus driver was negligent in oрerating such bus so as to proximately cause the injury, the fact that the driver of the Dodge ear in which defendant in error’s intestate, James R. Hill, was the guеst and companion, was guilty of contributory negligence, will not bar the recovery in this case, under the principles cited in the opinion of MR. JUSTICE TERRELL.
The evidence shows that while the bus driver contended that he was only driving the bus at the unusually conservative speed for such vehicles of less than thirty miles an hour (wеll within the statutory speed limit at the time) that he so manipulated and handled such bus that it ran off the paved highway on the light hand side of the road ,so as to be compelled to travel on the sand shoulders of the *37 road, right of way instead o’f on the one-half of the pavement which was available tо it; some witnesses (whether interested or not) testified 'that the driver in attempting to get the wheels of the bus ont of the sand and back on to the pavement, caused it to swerve sharply to the left, thereby colliding with the Dodge ear; this evidence might have been believed by the jury, but whether it was worthy of such -beliеf or not, it stands demonstrated on this record that the bus driver was either so incompetent to manage such a vehicle that he could not keeр it on the road when going at less than thirty miles an hour, or that he accidently got too far over to the right thereby running his wheels off the pavement on to1 the shoulders (as not infrequently happens) and that he thereupon negligently attempted to get the bus back on the pavement too soon and without reducing speed with the result that the bus swerved sharply to the left and collided with the Dodge car, killing two people in it.
I am unable to reach the lеgal conclusion that such operation of a bus is free from negligence, which must be the finding of this court, in order to reverse the judgment in this case, where contributory negligence of the Dodge car driver-cannot be imputed to his guest and companion who was killed. If a bus driver cannot keep his vehiclе on the pavement when traveling less than thirty miles an hour, he should not keep it going ahead at unchecked speed to the danger o'f the lives of his passengers and others on the highway in other cars.
Addendum
On Rehearing.
In this cause Mr. Chief Justice Buford, Mr. Justice Ellis and Mr. Justice Davis are of opinion that the judgment herein should be affirmed, while Mr. Justice Whitfield, Mr. Justice Terrell and Mr. Justice
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Brown are of opinion that the said judgment should be reversed. When the members of the Supreme Court, sitting six mеmbers in a body and after full consultation, it appears that the members of the Court are permanently and equally divided in opinion as to whether thе judgment should be affirmed or reversed, and there is no prospect of an immediate change in the personnel of the Court, the judgment should be affirmed; therefore it is considered, ordered and adjudged under the authority of State ex rel. Hampton v. McClung,
Affirmed.