173 Ind. 260 | Ind. | 1909
Lead Opinion
This appeal is from decrees entered in favor of the appellees against appellants the Southern Railway Company, the Southern Railway Company of Indiana, and others, declaring and enforcing, among other relief, liens in favor of a subcontractor and in favor of the assignees of claims for labor, under what is known as the mechanics’ lien law of this State.
Objection is made to the assignment of errors, on the ground “that it is joint and is not good as to all who join in it, and therefore is not good as to any of them.” The errors assigned, however, are joint as to all the appellants except Waidley, and several as to each of said appellants. It appears from the special findings that said appellants railway companies entered into a contract with appellant McDonald for the construction by him, on the line of their railroad, of a cement bridge and culvert, and that McDonald sublet a part of the work to appellant Waidley. There was no promise or agreement in the contract of McDonald with the railway companies to pay persons who performed labor or furnished material, but only
After a part of said work had been performed by said McDonald under his contract and by said Waidley under his subcontract, said McDonald, by and with the consent of said railway companies and the parties to said surety and indemnifying bonds, assigned and transferred all of his rights and interests in and to the unfinished part of his said contract to his surety and coappellant, the Southern Contracting Company, by a written contract, which provided, among other things, that said contracting company should be bound by, and cany out and complete the work under the contract of said McDonald, and should be paid any amount due for work done by said McDonald under said contract, but should not be bound or required to pay any of the liabilities of said McDonald, except to said railway companies, and to indemnify said companies and protect them from liabilities or liens on their property on account of the acts of said McDonald. Vouchers and checks for the sums due to said McDonald under his contract with said railway companies, one for $1,452.92 and one for $893.10, in all $2,346.02, were turned over and paid to said Southern Contracting Company by said railway companies. McDonald and Waidley each employed a large number of persons to perform work and labor in the construction of said bridge and cul
The holders of these checks, without having filed notice of an intention to hold a lien on said railroad for their claims as provided by the statute, for a valuable consideration assigned said time checks, by indorsement in writing, to appellees Greener Brothers, who afterwards, in their own name and in the names of their assignors, filed in the office of the recorder of the county wherein said work was done notice of their intention to hold a lien on said railroad for their labor claims, to which notice they also appended the names of their assignors, without authority to do so, except as such authority might be inferred from the assignment of the time cheeks.
Appellee McLaughlin “had three and sometimes four teams at work, and he employed men to drive them, he driving one himself. He paid his employes out of his own pocket, and his employes and teams performed work on said railroad under a contract with "Waidley, the subcontractor, to the value of $255.20, for which he filed a notice of his intention to hold a lien upon said railway companies’ railroad in said county,” under the mechanics’ lien law of this State.
The court below stated conclusions of law in favor of Greener Brothers, assignees of said time cheeks for labor and material issued by McDonald, and by McDonald and "Waidley, against said McDonald and Waidley, said railway companies, and against the National Surety Company, the Southern Contracting Company, and Robert IT. Fleming, appellants on said surety and indemnifying bonds, and rendered personal judgments against them, together with attorneys’ fees, because the same were liens on the road of said. railway companies under the law known as the mechanics’ lien law of this State. Conclusions of law were stated in favor of said Greener Brothers against said South-
It was held by this court, in the case of Indianapolis, etc., Traction Co. v. Brennan (1910), 174 Ind. -, that the term “laborers,” as used in the title, of the mechanics’ lien act of 1883 and its amendments (Acts 1899, p. 569, Acts 1889, p. 257, §§2, 3, 4, 6, Acts 1883, p. 140, §§4, 7-11, 13, 14, §§8295-8307 Burns 1908), “does not include or apply to the class of persons known as contractors, but must be construed as applying only to and including mechanics, laborers and material-men; that to construe said sections so as to apply to contractors or to persons other than mechanics, laborers and materialmen would make the same to that extent in violation of article 4, §19, of the Constitution of this State, for the reason that mechanics, laborers and materialmen are the only persons within the scope of the title of the act.” It is evident, therefore, that any provision in said act giving any one except “mechanics, laborers and materialmen” a lien is in violation of said article 4, §19, of the Constitution of this State, and therefore is void because not expressed in the title of the act. We therefore hold, upon the authority of Indianapolis, etc., Traction Co. v. Bren
We shall next consider whether the assignment of said labor claims to Greener Brothers carried to the assignees the right to perfect the lien allowed by the provisions of §§8305, 8306 Burns 1908. In the case of Jenckes v. Jenckes (1896), 145 Ind. 624, this court, speaking of such claims, said on page 634: ‘ ‘ Such claims may, of course, be assigned, but they carry no lien, unless a lien has first been perfected by the mechanic or materialman in whose favor the right to the lien primarily exists. The right to the lien is in the mechanic, laborer or materialman, and it is only such mechanic, laborer or materialman that may perfect the lien; and it is only after the lien has been perfected, as in the case of any other lien, that it may be assigned.” It is clear that §8305, supra, giving a lien to persons that perform labor or furnish material in the construction of railroads, was intended for the sole benefit of the persons named therein that are embraced in the title of said act; that there is mo lien for such labor or material until notice has been recorded in the proper office of the proper county as required in §8306, supra (Green v. Green [1861], 16 Ind. 253, 79 Am. Dec. 428; Millikin v. Armstrong [1861], 17 Ind. 456, 458; Waldo v. Walters [1861], 17 Ind. 534; Sharp v. Clifford [1873], 44 Ind. 346, 348) ; and that the assignment of such claims by the persons performing the labor or furnishing the material, that are entitled under the law to perfect the lien therefor, before such lien is perfected, carries with it no right to the assignee to have, perfect or- enforce such
The conclusions of law in favor of Greener Brothers against the National Surety Company, the Southern Contracting Company and Robert IT. Fleming on said surety and indemnifying bonds are erroneous, for the reason that there is no agreement in said bonds or the contract secured thereby to pay mechanics, laborers or material men for labor done in constructing said bridge and culvert or for material furnished and used in the construe
Disregarding the evidentiary facts and the conclusions in the special findings, as we must (Fisher v. Louisville, etc., R. Co. [1897], 146 Ind. 558, 561), is is evident that said sums of $1,452.92 and $893.10 were paid to said contracting company by said railway companies under said written contract as a part of the consideration therefor. Therefore the conclusions of law that said contracting company holds the same in trust, or is liable to any of the appellees therefor, are erroneous.
Moreover the findings and the conclusions of law, as to said sums of money so received by said contracting company from said railway companies, are outside the issues of the case, and therefore nullities, and must be disregarded. Citizens Nat. Bank v. Judy (1896), 146 Ind. 322, 349; Burton v. Morrow (1893), 133 Ind. 221, 226.
By express provision of the statute, this court is authorized to order a new trial when the justice of the case requires it (§702 Burns 1908, §660 R. S. 1881), and this power has often been exercised. McCoy v. Kokomo R., etc., Co. (1902), 158 Ind. 662, and cases cited; Donaldson v. State, ex rel. (1906), 167 Ind. 553; Farmers, etc., Ins. Assn. v. Stewart (1906), 167 Ind. 544. We think such an order should be made in the ease of Mc
All the judgments and decrees against the two' railway companies, the National Surety Company, the Southern Construction Company and Robert H. Fleming, or any one of them or any two or more of them, are reversed, with instructions to restate the conclusions of law as to them in accordance with this opinion, that said Greener Brothers are not entitled to recover any judgment or foreclose any lien against them or against any one or more of them, and to render judgment thereon that said Greener Brothers take nothing by their said action against them and for costs in their favor against said Greener Brothers, and that Bretz, receiver, is not entitled to recover any judgment or foreclose any lien against them or against any one or more of them, and to render judgment on said conclusions of law that said Bretz, receiver, take nothing by his said action against them and for costs against said receiver, payable out of any money in his hands as such receiver; that the trial court grant a new trial in the case of McLaughlin v. Southern Railway Company and another (No. 3402 in the Dubois Circuit Court), and for further proceedings in said cause not inconsistent with this opinion.
Rehearing
On Petition for Rehearing.
The other questions presented were fully considered and determined in the original opinion, and we see no reason to change the views there expressed, and the petition is therefore overruled.