Thе briefs of the parties raised numerous issues on appeal. The court, however, will confine ourselves to the following which we deem controlling:
1. Whether the attorney general had the right to intervene in this estate proceeding.
2. Whether the judgment of the сourt vacating its orders entered on September 8, 1967, and December 28, 1967, approving the accounts of the trustees for the years ending August 31, 1964, August 31, 1965, August 31, 1966, and August 31, 1967, and removing the appellant as trustee thereof are void for want of subject matter jurisdiction.
Right of the attorney general to notice of and intervention in estate proceeding.
Wisconsin, unlike numerous states, has specifically circumscribed the powers and duties of the office of the attorney general. Art. VI, sec. 3 of the Wisconsin Constitution limits those powers аnd duties to those “prescribed by law.” This constitutional principle has been
*261
interpreted by the courts in numerous decisions as removing from the office of the attorney general any powers and duties which were found in that office under common law.
State ex rel. Beck v. Duffy
(1968),
The attorney general contends that the right to notice of and intervention in estate proceedings involving a public charitable trust finds its basis in the statutes, namely sеcs. 231.34, 317.06 and 324.18 (1) (b), Stats. 1967. Such, however, is not the case.
Initially, the attorney general’s reliance on sec. 231.34, Stats. 1967, is unavailing. Sec. 231.34, Stats. 1967, merely imbues the office of the attorney general to enforce public charitable trusts.
“231.34 Enforcement of public trust. (1) An action mаy be brought by the attorney-general in the name of the state, upon his own information or upon the complaint of any interested party for the enforcement of a public charitable trust.
*262 “(2) Such action may be brought in the name of the state by any 10 or morе interested parties on their own complaint, when the attorney-general refuses to act.
“ (3) The term ‘interested party’ herein shall comprise a donor to the trust or a member or prospective member of the class for the benefit of which the trust wаs established.”
See generally: Bogert, Trusts and Trustees (2d ed.), p. 323, sec. 411. The power to enforce a public trust is not, however, so broad as to permit the attorney general to intervene in estate proceedings. While the powers of the attorney general under sec. 231.34, Stats. 1967, are broаd enough to include actions or proceedings involving the invalidation, termination, administration or enforcement of the terms of a public charitable trust after its creation, 3 said actions or proceedings do not involve intervention in the estate рroceedings of the settlor of said public charitable trust.
Similarly, sec. 317.06 (4), Stats. 1967, fails to imbue the attorney general with the power to intervene in or have notice of estate proceedings in which a public charitable trust is involved. Sec. 317.06 (1), Stats. 1967, required that еvery trustee of a charitable trust account yearly to the court having jurisdiction thereof. Sec. 317.06 (4), Stats. 1967, merely required that such an accounting would not be final except upon notice to the attorney general.
“ (4) No action of the court upon such account shall be final except it be upon notice mailed to the attorney general and published under s. 324.20.”
This subsection was created under this court’s rule-making power, Supreme Court Order,
*263 Finally, sec. 324.18 (1) (b), Stats. 1967, which provides for notice to the attorney general in all hearings or proceedings in which a public charitable trust is involved:
“(b) Notice of all hearings or proceedings where a public charitable trust is involved shall be mailed to the attorney general at least 20 days before the hearing or proceeding.”
fails to create a power or duty in the office of the attorney general to intervene in or right to notice of estate proceedings in which a public charitable trust is involved. Sec. 324.18 (1) (b), Stats. 1967, was promulgated pursuant to the supreme court’s rule-making power, sec. 251.18, Stats,, in 1956, Supreme Court Order,
It is clear then that the Wisconsin legislature has not granted to the attorney general the power to intervene in estate proceedings, 5 there being no statutory enactment to that effect. Similarly it is clear that the attorney general is not, as it contends, an interested party who, in absence of statutory notice, is not bound by the judgment of the probate court.
“The main objective of probate procеeding is the orderly distribution of the property of deceased persons. The court of the domicile of the deceased has jurisdiction over the property within its territorial jurisdiction. The jurisdiction of the court in probate is
in rem.
As such, the judgment binds all persons having а property interest
*264
when statutory notice requirements have been complied with.”
Estate of Hatzl
(1964),
Since the attorney general, as the representative of the state, is not party interested in the estate proceedings, then notice to him was not necessаry and the proceedings are res adjudicata as to him.
Estate of Hatzl, supra; Estate of Evans, supra; Estate of Steuber
(1955),
Since in the opinion of the court, the attorney general is not a person interested in the estate proceeding, and since there being no averments of fraud, 6 nor a motion under sec. 269.46, Stats., 7 by a party interested in the estate, the judgment of the court entered on February 27, 1967, approving the coexecutors’ accounts, distributing the property of the estate to Robert C. Smith and Robert H. Flatley as coexeсutors must be affirmed. The judgment of the trial court entered on December 11, 1970, modifying the judgment of the court entered on February 27,1967, is void for want of jurisdiction.
*265 Accounting.
On September 30, 1970, Judge McHenry likewise modified the orders of the court which had been entered on September 8, 1967, and Dеcember 28, 1967, approving the trustees’ final accounts for the years 1964-1966 and 1967 respectively. Such action by the court was likewise in error and must be reversed.
The trustees herein complied with sec. 317.06, Stats. 1967, which required them to account to the court having jurisdictiоn thereof. 8 The yearly trustees’ accounts were filed with the court and, after notice to the attorney general, a hearing was held. At said hearings the trustees appeared personally and the attorney general appeared for the stаte. The attorney general objected to said trustees’ accounts — especially to the trustees’ fees charged — and the objections were overruled by the court. Final orders 9 were then entered approving the trustees’ accounts for thе periods therein included.
After the final orders overruling their objections and approving the trustees’ accounts for the years 1964-1966 and 1967 respectively, the attorney general failed to prosecute an appeal pursuant to sec. 274.09, Stats. Rathеr the attorney general, knowing of the imminent retirement of Judge Kehoe, did nothing, until after said retirement. The attorney general then applied to the court pursuant to sec. 269.46 to be relieved of said orders previously obtained against him. Absent however from *266 said affidavit and motion were any allegations of mistake, inadvertence, surprise or excusable neglect.
On February 21, 1968, Judge Nier ordered the co-trustees to show cause why the orders of the court entered on September 8, 1967, and December 28, 1967, should not be vacated. Judge Nier additionally ordered:
“That the final judgment and orders referred to above in numbered paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 be and hereby are vacated pending further order of this court and hearing on this order.”
The trial court took no further action until Sеptember 30, 1970 — more than thirty-four months after the original order — when Judge McHenry modified the previous orders of that court.
Initially, it is obvious that the trial court erred in relieving the attorney general from an order in absence of an affidavit and motion alleging mistake, inаdvertence, surprise or excusable neglect. The power to grant relief from such a final order more than sixty days after the end of the term of the court at which it was rendered is limited solely to cases of mistake, inadvertence, surprise or excusаble neglect.
Loomis v. Rice
(1875),
Similarly, any action by the trial court under sec. 269.46 (1), Stats., is limited to a period of one year after notice of the judgment or order.
Tuszkiewicz v. Lepins, supra.
After , the passage of that period оf time, the trial court is without subject matter jurisdiction to take any further action.
Harris v. Golliner
(1940),
The attorney general contends that the trial court suspended the orders of the court entered on September 8, 1967, and December 28, 1967, on February 21, 1968, and that, pursuant to sec. 269.28:
“. . . the presiding judge may suspend the order, in whole or in part, during the pendency of a motion to the court to modify or vacate the order.”
and thus extended that period of time in which the motion must be decided. Such contention is without merit for while the court may suspend the effect of its orders, it may not extend that period of time during which it has jurisdiction to release a party from such a final order.
This court has previously held that it is without jurisdiction to vacate a judgment or order on statutory grounds more than a year after notice of entry of judgment. Similar to sec. 270.49, Stats., the motion must be made and decided within a specific period of time (herein one year).
Harris v. Golliner, supra.
However unlike sec. 270.49, the court may not extend the period of time in which such аction may be taken under sec. 269.46 (1).
Boyle v. Larzelere
(1944),
Thus, since the actions of the trial court on Seрtember 30, 1970, were without the jurisdiction of the court, said actions must be vacated and the case remanded with directions to reinstate the orders of the trial court entered on September 8, 1967, and December 28, 1967, *268 approving the trustees’ final accounts for the years 1964-1966 and 1967 respectively.
By the Court. — Judgment reversed and cause remanded with directions.
Notes
Some of those powers included, for example, to prosecute actions for the redress or prevention of state harm at the direction of the governor. Sec. 14.11 (1), Stats. The attorney general may also еnjoin public nuisances, sec. 280.02; prosecute state antitrust laws, sec. 133.01 (2); and represent the state before the supreme court, sec. 165.25.
Said powers would include, for example, the power to supervise the administration of the trust, to prevent waste of the corpus of said trust, or to bring an action against the trustee for malfeasance.
See also:
Supreme Court Order,
See generally: 74 A. L. R. 2d 1066.
A judgment procured by fraud either actual or constructive, may be set aside. Such a contention has not, however, been made herein.
See: Estate of O’Neill
(1895),
Not only were no allegations of mistake, inadvertence, surprise or excusable neglect made by an interested person herein, the actions of the trial court did not take place until more than one year had passed. Such being the case, the trial court was withоut subject matter jurisdiction to act.
State Central Credit Union v. Bayley
(1967),
“317.06 Charitable trusts; trustee’s annual account; removal. (1) Every trustee of a testamentary trust for charitable purposes shall, prior to March of each year, account to the court having jurisdiction thereof for the preceding calendar year and shall further account from time to time as required by the court; and he may be examined by the court upon any matter relating to his account and his conduct of such trust.”
“317.06 (4) No action of the court upon such account shall be final except it be upon notice mailed to the attorney general and published under s. 324.20.”