57 F. 20 | 5th Cir. | 1893
On the 15th December, 1889, the appellee filed a bill in the circuit court against the appellants to
To the bill, Charles D. Woodson answered, admitting the conveyance and the price, but denying that no part of the price was paid to complainant by defendant. On the contrary, he says:
"The full s mount of said imrchase price, to wit, four thousand dollars, <84,000.00,) was by this defendant paid to and received by complainant before said deed was made, or was by defendant paid out on complainant’s account at his instance, or upon his request before that time; and when said deed was made defendant was not indebted to the complainant in the sum of four thousand dollars on account of the purchase of said interest in said two lots, or in any sum at all.’'
Defendant Woodson further admitted that; he was the president of said bank, and so remained until the 30th day of November, 1889, when it went into the hands of a receiver, to be wound up as provided by the law’s of the United States. The said answer denies that in making the purchase Woodson acted for, or. by authority of, the hank, or for its hoard of directors, or that the hank
The bank answered, admitting that the complainant owned at one time a one-half interest in the property described in the bill; the conveyance to Charles D. Woodson; that Woodson was the president of the bank, and had conveyed the whole property to the bank, but alleged full payment of the purchase money to complainant before the deed was put to record; that the deed from complainant to Woodson was the only evidence and information which was presented to the bank of the ownership of the undivided half interest sued for, and the board of directors relied upon the recitals of the deed front complainant to said defendant as being true, and that at the time of the purchase from Woodson of the lots, which were for the purpose of erecting a bank building, the bank did not have any notice or information of any character whatever of any unpaid balance of purchase money upon the property in question; that Wood-son assured the directors at the time the bank purchased the property that the recitals of the deed made by the complainant to him were true, that the entire purchase money was settled and paid. Further answering, the bank says, that at the time the said Woodson made and executed his deed to the bank the bank paid said Woodson $5,000, as is stated in said deed, and had no knowledge or information or notice of any outstanding title, equity, or adverse interest of any kind or description; and there was no fact within the knowledge of the bank which could or did put the bank on inquiry as to the title to said property, and the bank relied on, and was entitled to rely on, the bona fides of the record of the deed from the complainant to said Woodson and from said Woodson to the bank.
On final hearing in the circuit court, a decree was rendered in favor of the complainant, recognizing his lien on the lots in question to secure the payment of $4,000, with interest thereon, aggregating $5,813.33, and ordering the bank to pay said sum, with interest and costs, within a short day, and, in default thereof, that the undivided half interest in the property be sold by a special master to pay the same. From this decree the First National Bank of Sheffield and R. W. Austin, administrator of the estate of Charles D. Woodson, deceased, appealed to this court, assigning errors as follows: (1) In decreeing complainant was entitled to the relief prayed for in the
The view we take of the facts in the case as shown by the evidence renders it unnecessary to consider any of the errors assigned except the last. It is undisputed that on the 23d October, 1888, Tompkins, by warranty deed, conveyed to Charles I). Woodson bis undivided half interest in and to the lots in question, and therein recited that it was “for and in consideration of the sum of four thousand (4,000) dollars cash, in hand paid by O. D. Woodson, of Colbert county, Alabama, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, have this day'bargained, sold,” etc.; that by warranty deed acknowledged and delivered on the 13th day of December, 1888, O. D. Woodson, for and in consideration of $5,000, paid by the First National Bank of Sheffield, conveyed the whole of the two lots in question to the First National Bank of Sheffield, and that the consideration named in the last-mentioned deed was paid in cash. The case shows that the bank had no notice of the transaction between Tompkins and Woodson save what was contained in the deed from Tompkins to Woodson, unless the bank was chargeable with notice by reason of the fact that Woodson was president of the bank.
It is true that the complainant testifies that a few days prior to the delivery of his deed to Woodson he had a conversation with Janies R. Grow, at that time a director in said bank, in winch lie told said Crow that he was willing to make a deed to Woodson, with the understanding that Woodson had already deeded, or was to de<'d, Use whole interest in the lots to the bank; that he was to make a deed for the consideration of $4,000; and that Woodson was to pay Mm, or tiro batik was to do so, by giving him credit for that amount upon the notes then running in his name in said bank. If this evidence' of the complainant is given full force, it. cannot be taken as giving any notice to Director Crow, much less to the bank, with regard to any intention of the complainant to retain a vendor’s lien on the property thereafter to be conveyed. It rather imports a notice that no vendor’s lien was to be retained. In Bayley v. Greenleaf, 7 Wheat. 51, Chief Justice Marshall said:
“To the world file vendee appears to hold the estate divested of any trust ■whatever, and credit is given to him in the confidence that the property is Ms own in equity as well ns in law. A vendor relying upon Ms lien ought to reduce it to a, mortgage, so as to give notice of it to the world. If he does not, he is in some degree accessory to the fraud committed on the public by a.n act which exhibits the vendee as a complete owner of an estate on which he claims a secret lien. It would seem inconsistent with the principles of equity and with the general spirit.of our laws that such a lien should be set up in a court of chancery to the exclusion of bona fide creditors.”
“Whoever gives value, or enters into transactions by which his position is materially changed, and. from which change loss must ensue, on the faith that the vendor of real estate, or person with whom he deals, has, as the title papers exhibit, a clear, legal title, will be protected .against outstanding and latent equities, of which he has no notice. A mortgagee taking a security for a contemporaneous loan or advance falls within the rule, and is entitled to protection. Boyd v. Beck, 29 Ala. 713; Wells v. Morrow, 38 Ala. 125. The only notice, actual or constructive, of Mrs, Whelan’s equity, which is attributed to the insurance company, is imputed, because notice, it is insisted, is traced to Williams, one of the directors, active and instrumental in making the loan to Cunningham and McCreary, and taking the mortgage. Whatever facts may have been known to Williams which ought to have excited inquiry on his part came to his knowledge while he was acting as the agent of Cunningham, in a transaction in which the insurance company had no interest. The rule is settled in this state that a corporation will not be affected by notice which one of its directors or other officer may have received when not acting for the corporation, but in the transaction of his own private affairs, and under such circumstances that its communication to other officers of the company is not to be expected. Terrell v. Bank, 12 Ala. 502. If the facts were stronger for the imputation of notice to Williams than are found in the record, notice could not be imputed to the insurance company.”
The case of Barnes v. Gaslight Co., 27 N. J. Eq. 33-37, involved a question with regard to notice very similar to the case in band, and the chancellor held as follows:
“That the defendants are bona fide purchasers for valuable consideration is not denied. Their title is not impugned, except on the ground of notice, and the claim to relief is based on the allegation that at the time when the conveyance was made by Mr. Potts to them he was their president, and this fact is relied upon as of itself sufficient to establish notice to them of all the facts which the bill charges were within his knowledge. The general proposition is undoubtedly true that notice of facts to an agent is constructive notice thereof to the principal himself, where it arises from, or is at the time connected with, the subject-matter of his agency. The rule is based on the presumption that the agent has communicated such facts to the principal. Story, Ag. § 140. On principles of public policy the knowledge of the agent is imputed to the principal. But the rule does not apply to a transaction such as that under consideration; for, in such a transaction, the officer, in making the sale and conveyance, stands as a stranger to the company. Stratton v. Allen, 16 N. J. Eq. 229. His interest is opposed to theirs, and the presumption is, not that he will communicate his knowledge of any secret infirmity of the title to the corporation, but that he will conceal it. Where an officer of a corporation is thus dealing with them in his own interest, opposed to theirs, he must be held not to represent them in the transaction, so as to charge them with the knowledge he may possess, but which he has not communicated to them, and which they do not otherwise possess, of facts derogatory to the title he conveys.”