Plaintiff claims that after he became a passenger on one of defendant’s street cars and had paid his farе, the conductor attempted to collect the fare again, and, on plaintiff’s refusal to pay a second time, assaulted him with verbal abuse and physical violence and forcibly ejected him. from the car; that afterward dеfendant caused plaintiff to he arrested on a charge of disturbing the peace and pros
The only reference to the evidence in the abstract of the record filed by defendant is that “there was evidence tendrng to prove the several allegations of the petition and evidence tending to disprove each and every one thereof.” The principal contention of defendant in this court is that the petition is- fatally defective and will not support a single verdict because it contains in one count statements of two or more separate and distinct causes of action.
"We do not agree with the view of defendant thаt a cause for slander is pleaded. The verbal abuse suffered by plamtiff was a part of the cause inuring to him from the wrongful assault and as we construe the petition it pleads causes for assault and for false arrest and maliciоus prosecution. We shall concede these causes were improperly joined in one count and the question for our decision is whether that defect in the pleading was one defendant could and did waive or was one оf such vital character that it could not be cured by verdict. The argument of defendant concedes, in effect, thаt the different causes pleaded could be properly joined in one action if stated in separate сounts, and, further, it must be conceded that there is no repugnancy or inconsistency between these causes.
In Flowers v. Smith,
“On principle it must obtain that where the several causes of actiоn are united in one count, and the case is tried on all, and a single verdict and assessment of damages in favor of the plaintiff, if one or more of the causes of action assigned be bad, so as not to support the verdict, the verdict must be bad as to all. How is it possible for the court to tell whether the jury took one or all the alleged slanderous words into their estimation? How much proof of the imperfect cause and how much of the good, did the jury consider? Was it the fact proveji touching the bad count that influenced the verdict, and if so, to what extent?”
This rule would have application in the present case if any of the pleaded causes were bad but with all of them good, and with evidence supporting them all, the verdict could not possibly have any other foundation than a good cause and, cоnsequently, could not be subject to the just criticism made of the verdict in the case to which we have just referred.
The rule pertinent to the petition in hand thus is stated by the Supreme Court in Jordan v. Transit Co., 202 Mo. l. c. 426:
“Where two causes of actiоn that may by authority of the statute (sec. 593, R. S. 1899) be united in one*526 petition, each in a separate count, are imprоperly blended in one count the defect is reached by a motion to require the plaintiff to elect one and to strike out the other. (Otis v. Bank,35 Mo. 128 ; State to use v. Davis, Id. 406; Christal v. Craig,80 Mo. 367 ; State ex rel. v. Tittmann,103 Mo. 553 , l. c. 569; Childs v. Railroad,117 Mo. 514 .) And in Paddock v. Somes,102 Mo. 226 , l. c. 235, it was held that by pleading to the merits the defendant waived the defect. To the same effect it was held in Christal v. Craig, supra. The rule laid down in those cases is that when a defendant pleads to the merits he waivеs all mere informality and irregularity in the petition and can thereafter object to it only on the ground that it states no сause of action or that the court has no jurisdiction of it.”
Following the authorities we must hold that the objection to thе petition comes too late.
Objections are urged to the instructions but we find them free from prejudicial error. Wе think defendant may be right in saying the court erred in its modification of defendant’s instruction numbered ten, but we can think of a state оf proof where the error would have been harmless to defendant and, therefore, since the evidence is nоt before us we have no means of knowing what effect the erroneous instruction could have had on the minds of the jury. Thе burden is on the appellant of showing that he has been injured by prejudicial error committed against him and that burden is not discharged by the mere exposition of an erroneous ruling that might or might not have been of a prejudicial character.
The judgment is affirmed.