178 P.2d 612 | Okla. | 1946
Lead Opinion
This is a probate appeal involving a claim against the estate of Emery A. Foster, deceased. The facts material to the issues presented are these:
Foster died on March 4, 1936. Prior to his death, he executed and delivered to Fannie Filtsch, claimant and appellant herein, a note for $500, secured by a real estate mortgage. On September 29, 1937, Harriet C. Foster, his widow, was appointed administratrix of his estate, and on October 20, 1937, she caused notice to creditors to present claims to be posted and first published as required by law. After Foster's death, but before the appointment of the administratrix, Fannie Filtsch filed cause No. 12220 in the district court of Lincoln county against Foster's widow and three children to recover the amount due on said note and to foreclose the mortgage securing the same. After her appointment, the widow, as such administratrix, was made a party defendant in said action, and Fannie Filtsch, plaintiff in said action, filed an amended petition, realleging the allegations contained in her original petition and further alleging the appointment of the administratrix and that she had been made a party defendant, and prayed for the same judgment for which she prayed in her original petition. The administratrix filed an answer consisting of a denial of the allegations of the petition as amended.
On February 12, 1938, judgment was rendered in favor of the plaintiff and against the administratrix in cause No. 12220 for the recovery of $500 with interest at the rate of 10% per annum from July 9, 1931, attorney's fees of $50, and for foreclosure of the mortgage securing said indebtedness. On December 12, 1938, the mortgaged property was sold by the sheriff to the plaintiff pursuant to the foreclosure decree for $300 and the sale was confirmed on January 4, 1939. On June 2, 1943, Foster's widow was removed as administratrix and George E. Sipe was appointed as administrator to succeed her. On June 25, 1943, a certified copy of the journal entry of judgment in cause No. 12220 was filed in the probate cause. On September 10, 1943, the administrator filed his final account stating that no claims had been presented and asking that the property consisting of interests in real estate be assigned and set over to the widow and three children as provided by law. To this final *358 account, Fannie Filtsch filed objections claiming that she was a creditor of the estate by virtue of the rendition of said judgment and the filing of a certified copy thereof in the probate cause, and that there was due and unpaid on said judgment approximately $900. The county court overruled the objections, denied the claim of Fannie Filtsch, and entered a decree assigning and setting over the property to the widow and three children, as sole heirs. From said order, Fannie Filtsch appealed to the district court.
On trial de novo in the district court, Fannie Filtsch introduced in evidence the petition, amendment to the petition, amended petition, journal entry of judgment, order and return of sale, and order confirming sale in cause No. 12220, and also the files in the probate cause. It was stipulated that the $300 purchase price of said mortgaged premises is all that has been paid on the judgment in cause No. 12220. The district court entered judgment affirming the judgment of the county court and denying the claim, and from that judgment Fannie Filtsch has perfected this appeal.
The appellant argues the case under three propositions: (1) That the judgment against the administratrix established a valid claim against the estate, (2) that the joinder of the administratrix as a party defendant and entry of judgment during the four months allowed for presentation of claims constitute a substantial compliance with the statutes requiring the presentation of claims, and (3) that the judgment is conclusive of all defenses that might have been pleaded, including the defense that no claim was presented, and is immune from collateral attack.
The appellee argues (1) that the action in district court was not a suit on a rejected claim, but was simply a foreclosure action, and the question of establishing a claim was not made an issue, and the judgment did not have the effect of establishing a claim for the deficiency, and (2) that if the judgment was intended to have that effect, it is void because not within the issues made by the pleadings and because no claim was presented on the indebtedness.
We find it necessary to consider only the question of whether the judgment of foreclosure, when properly construed, was intended to have the effect of establishing a claim against the estate.
Chapter 7 of title 58 O.S. 1941 §§ 331-354[58-331-354], governs the establishment and payment of claims against the estates of decedents. The parties must be deemed to have been familiar with these sections of the statutes in prosecuting and defending the action. The last part of section 333 relates to claims on contracts made after the effective date of 1910 Revised Laws, which was May 16, 1913. It provides:
". . . All claims arising upon contracts hereafter made, whether the same be due, not due or contingent, must be presented within the time limited in the notice; and any claim not so presented is barred forever: Provided, however, that when it is made to appear by the affidavit of the claimant, as above provided, that he had no notice by reason of being out of the state, it may be presented as therein provided: Provided, further, that nothing in this section, nor in this Chapter contained, shall be construed to prohibit the right or limit the time of foreclosure of mortgages upon real property of decedents, but every such mortgage may be foreclosed within the time and in the mode prescribed in civil procedure, except that no balance of the debt secured by such mortgage remaining unpaid after foreclosure shall be a claim against the estate, unless such debt was presented as required by this code."
Section 334 requires that claims so presented must be supported by affidavit. Section 337 requires the executor or administrator to act upon such a verified claim within a certain length of time after presentation. Section 339 authorizes suit on rejected claims. Section 341 provides:
"No holder of any claim against an estate shall maintain any action thereon, *359 unless the claim is first presented to the executor or administrator."
Section 345 provides that a judgment on a claim simply establishes the claim which has been rejected, and the judgment must be that the executor or administrator pay the claim as established in due course of administration. Since the claim here is for the balance due after foreclosure of the real estate mortgage, it is governed by the last portion of section 333, above quoted.
The petition and the amendments thereto did not mention the word "claim" or contain the allegation that a claim for the indebtedness had been presented or rejected, as it should have done to state a good cause of action to establish the claim. Walker Drilling Co. v. Carlew Drilling Contractors,
Assuming that the judgment is not clear on the question involved, the rule is that in construing a judgment that is obscure or ambiguous to determine what issues were adjudged, it is proper to consider the pleadings, verdict or findings, and the entire record, in the light of the applicable statutes, and it will be presumed that the court, in entering the judgment, intended to render a valid judgment, one only on the issues presented. Reaves v. Turner,
Under the foregoing circumstances, and in view of the statutes above referred to and the presumption that the plaintiff was familiar with, and intended the action to be governed by, such statutes, we are of the opinion, and hold, that cause No. 12,220 was intended as simply a foreclosure action, and it was not intended by the parties or the court that the judgment have the effect of establishing a claim against the estate, but it was intended that it be a judgment in rem foreclosing the mortgage. The county and district courts evidently placed this construction on said judgment.
The case, Fluke v. Douglas,
In view of what we have said, and of the recital of the judgment that the only evidence introduced was the note and mortgage, the rule contended for by the appellants, that it will be presumed that evidence was introduced supporting the judgment and that the pleadings will be deemed to have been amended to conform to the proof, has no application. See Schuman's, Inc., v. Missy Dress Co.,
In so far as Coleman v. Bowles,
In view of our determination as to the effect of the judgment, it is unnecessary to consider the other contentions of the parties.
Affirmed.
HURST, C. J., and OSBORN, BAYLESS, CORN, GIBSON, and ARNOLD, JJ., concur. DAVISON, V. C. J., and RILEY and WELCH, JJ., dissent.
Dissenting Opinion
Actions are provided by law to settle controversies. A judgment is final and conclusive of all issues presented or which may have been presented. A judgment is not subject to collateral attack. 34 C.J.S. 914; 21 Am. Jur. 918; May v. Casker,
The effect of a judgment rendered on a rejected claim is the establishment of the claim as against the estate of a deceased person "the same as if it had been allowed by the administrator", National Lumber Creosoting Co. v. Robison's Estate,
The cases of McLeod v. Palmer,
The county judge has no exclusive jurisdiction of claims against an estate. Miller v. Bradburn's Estate,
It would seem that presentation of the administrator to a claim against an estate, within the time provided by law for presentation of claims against an estate, by making the administrator a party to a suit to establish the claim, is equivalent to presentation of the claim to the administrator. 58 Ohio St. 1941 § 345[
A judgment rendered against an administrator in a proper court, in an action commenced within time for presentation of claim to the administrator, establishes the claim the same as if it *361 had been allowed by the administrator, and when the judgment is that the administrator pay in due course of administration the amount ascertained to be due, and a certified transcript of the judgment is filed in the county court, prior to distribution of the estate, showing such money judgment and a deficiency after foreclosure and sale of real property mortgaged to secure a claim arising upon contract against the deceased debtor, presentation of the claim to the administrator is obviated. 58 O. S. 1941 § 345.
A certified copy of the judgment for money and ordering foreclosure, and allowing a deficiency, was filed in the administration proceedings; the administrator was a party to that judgment. That claim arose on contract and was merged in the judgment. Filing of the claim with the administrator as required by the provisions of 58 Ohio St. 1941 § 333[
In Iowa the proposition is sustained: "The institution of an action at law against estate of deceased grantee who had assumed mortgage indebtedness was equivalent to filing of claim on mortgage, against grantee's estate." Federal Land Bk. of Omaha v. Ditto,
The statutory requirement of presentation of a claim to an administrator or executor is not without exception. Murphy v. Colton,
The theory had advocacy that a claim for deficiency after foreclosure must be presented within one month after ascertainment of the deficiency — but the theory, by this court, was abandoned, Timmons v. Hanna Const. Co.,
The estate, adjudged to be liable, has had its day in court. Proper defenses that may have been urged are no longer presentable after the judgment became final.
If, in the affairs of men, their government provided a single just trial before a competent tribunal, and stopped there, jurisprudence would be advanced. The validity of the claim against the estate was established in such a trial.
