Fiedler v. Howard

99 Wis. 388 | Wis. | 1898

Bardeen, J.

The main question arising on this appeal is whether the defendant is entitled to the whole amount of the mortgage given by Stude, or only to one half, as found by the trial court. Counsel for plaintiff concede that, as against the heirs or next of kin of Howard, the wife, as survivor of her husband, is entitled to the mortgage and the proceeds therefrom. But it is said Howard left creditors,, and that his estate is'insufficient to pay them; that it was-the intention of Howard to make a gift to his wife; and that she cannot hold the mortgage so long as there are unpaid creditors. The third finding, which is amply supported by the evidence, is, substantially, that Howard owned eighty acres of land, forty of which was his homestead. He desired to sell, but his wife refused to sign the deed so as to cut off and bar her dower and homestead interests. It was then agreed that, if she would sign the deed, the note and mortgage to be given by the purchaser for part of the purchase-money should be’ made payable to Howard and his wife jointly. This deal was consummated October 22, 1891, and-Howard died Hovember 19, 1894. Hpon these facts the court concludes that, so far as the creditors of Howard are concerned, this mortgage belonged one half to each — to Mr. and Mrs. Howard. We are not referred to any item of evidence or finding of fact that tends even remotely to support tifié conclusion.

The status of Mr. and Mrs. Howard with reference to this mortgage must be determined as of the time of the transaction. Sec. 2068, E. S. 1818, says that “ all grants and devises-of lands made to two or more persons, except as provided in. the following section, shall be construed to create estates in common, and not in joint tenancy, unless expressly declared to be in joint tenancy.” The succeeding section (2069)-says, “ The preceding section shall not apply to mortgages,, nor to devises, or grants made in trust, or made to executors,, or to husband and wife.” The doctrines of the common law must therefore be applied to this transaction, as it comes clearly within the exception of the statute. The rule that there may be a joint tenancy of personalty is recognized and upheld in Farr v. Trustees of Grand Lodge A. O. U. W. 83 Wis. 446, and the right of survivorship is maintained. In Draper v. Jackson, 16 Mass. 480, it was decided that a note and mortgage made to husband and wife shall go to the wife,, if she- survive her husband, and not to the executor of the husband. This was in recognition of the common-law rule-that, when an estate is granted to husband and wife, they take by entireties, and not by moieties. Ketchum v. Wals-worth, 5 Wis. 95; Brown v. Baraboo, 90 Wis. 151. In the matter of real estate, the husband could not incumber or ■alienate such an estate so as to prevent the wife, and her heirs after his death, from enjoying it discharged from his debts and engagements. lie might, as held in Bennett v. Child, 19 Wis. 302, alienate his life estate, but could not give title that would be available to his grantee if his wife survived him.

There is no claim in the case at bar that the transaction in question was entered into to defraud creditors. Even were this so, it could not be disturbed under the proof in this case. Forty acres of the land conveyed, and which merged in this mortgage, was the homestead of the parties, •and exempt from the claims of all the creditors. There being no proof as to the value of the homestead forty, the court would not be justified in taking any part of this fund to pay creditors. It may well be that the $400 in cash paid by Stude, at the time of the execution of the deed, to Howard, was the full value of the nonexempt forty. At any rate, without proof to show that this mortgage included the purchase price of nonexempt property, the court would have no authority to apply it to the payment of creditors, if it be admitted the creditors might follow it. The transaction was in no sense a gift to the wife. The release by the wife of her dower and homestead interest was a good consideration to support this arrangement. See Allen v. Perry, 56 Wis. 178. The conclusion of the trial court, that “ it must.be presumed that the creditors trusted Howard on the strength of this fund, and they are as much entitled to his share as though he had realized his part of the mortgage in his lifetime,” was made under a misapprehension of the law. There was nothing unfair or unjust in the transaction; nor does it appear to have been done with any fraudulent design to .secrete his property, or put it beyond the reach of creditors.

It may be doubted if there was any legal proof before the ■court that there were any creditors. The only proof on that subject was the production of some unauthenticated bills alleged to have been filed with the county judge. So far as appears, none of these claims were ever allowed by the county court against Howard’s estate. The records of the county court were not identified, except by testimony that they were in the handwriting of the county judge. The mere production of a lot of unauthenticated bills is hardly sufficient to sustain a finding-that deceased left unpaid debts. So, under the proof in this case, the court plainly erred in holding that the plaintiff was entitled to any portion of this mortgage fund.

It is said, however, that the defendant waived her right •of appeal, because she has accepted the provisions of the judgment made for her benefit. If this be true, the facts disclosed by the record would be equally fatal to the plaintiff’s appeal. He has, quite as much as the defendant, accepted the fruits of the judgment, and, having come here himself, cannot be heard to question the right of his opponent to appeal. But the plaintiff has done more to estop himself. When the defendant sought to settle the bill of exceptions, plaintiff insisted, and at his request the court ordered, that the defendant, as a condition of permitting service of a bill of exceptions, should file a bond conditioned as set forth in the statement of facts. The filing of this bond, in legal effect, restored the plaintiff to his rights substantially as they stood before he paid any money to defendant. Having demanded the bond as a condition for granting relief to defendant, he cannot appear here in very good grace, and urge the objection noted. He comes fairly within the principle decided in Cook v. McComb, 98 Wis. 526, and cases cited, although not within the letter of the decision.

The question of the waiver of the party’s right to appeal by acceptance of benefits under an order or judgment has been before this court in a number of cases. Cogswell v. Colley, 22 Wis. 399; Flanders v. Merrimac, 44 Wis. 621; Webster-Clover Lumber & Mfg. Co. v. St. Croix Co. 11 Wis. 317; Hixon v. Oneida Co. 82 Wis. 515; Laird v. Giffin, 84 Wis. 286; Wirth v. Bartell, 89 Wis. 594. And, because there has been some little inaccuracy of statement in some of the cases, it has been thought best that the question be set at rest. In Cogswell v. Colley, Mr. Justice Paine rightfully holds that, where a new trial has been granted on condition that defendant shall pay the costs of the former trial, plaintiff cannot accept the costs and then maintain an appeal from the order. It is based on the idea that a suitor will not be permitted to assume the inconsistent position of complaining against the order, and at the same time accepting the fruits of it. The learned justice, however, recognizes the distinction which we wish to emphasize; and that is that, where a party is entitled to a certain sum of money absolutely under a judgment, he is not, by accepting that money, precluded from prosecuting an appeal which does not involve a reversal of that part of the judgment or decree under which he takes the money. This we believe to be the true rule, and in accordance with correct ideas of the law. The effort of the courts is to prevent parties assuming inconsistent positions, and “blowing hot and cold” in the same breath. If the benefit received is dependent upon, or was granted as a condition of, the order or judgment attacked, clearly the party ought not to be permitted to carry on his warfare. But if the conditions of the order or judgment under which he is granted a favor are independent and separable from those sought to be overturned, there seems to be nothing in reason or justice to prevent him from seeking to vindicate in the appellate court the right denied him in the trial court. This right was sanctioned in New York in the early case of Clowes v. Dickenson, 8 Cow. 328, and has since been followed in that state by an unbroken line of decisions. Benkard v. Babcook, 27 How. Pr. 391; Higbee v. Westlake, 14 N. Y. 281; Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. v. Bankers & Merchants' Tel. Co. 109 N. Y. 342; Mellen v. Mellen, 137 N. Y. 606.

In Flounders v. Merrimac, 44 Wis. 621, tbe plaintiff applied for a change of venue. The court granted the application on condition that he pay certain costs. He paid the costs, and took the order changing the place of trial; and Taylor, J., says, “And it would seem equally clear that the applicant, having taken the benefit of the order conditioned upon the payment of costs, cannot now appeal and get rid of the condition.” It will be seen that emphasis is laid upon the conditional character of the relief granted, and that, having accepted the order upon the terms imposed, he has waived his right to appeal. This case is cited to sustain the decision of this court in Webster-Glover L. & M. Co. v. St. Croix Co. 71 Wis. 317. The action was to set aside certain taxes. The court found that a part of the taxes were valid and a part invalid, and entered an order requiring the plaintiff to pay into court the valid tax, and rendered judgment setting aside the invalid tax. The defendant claimed that the entire tax was valid. The money paid into court was paid over to defendant. The defendant then appealed, .•and sought to have the judgment reviewed. The decision was to the effect that, having accepted this money, the defendant was precluded from pursuing its appeal, on the .ground that to allow it to do so would “ be contrary to that just principle which forbids one from claiming under, and .at the same time repudiating, any instrument;” also, citing the Oogswéll Case. The judgment of the trial court provided that the payment by plaintiff of the sum specified should be in full payment, satisfaction, and discharge of all taxes upon its lands. Perhaps this decision can be supported upon the ground that the acceptance of this money was an acceptance by defendant of the conditions of the judgment; but, independent of the conditional character of the judgment, no good reason is perceived why the defendant might not have received the amount adjudged absolutely to be its due, and still have sought to secure the tax decreed to be void. The provision of the judgment as to the taxes decreed to be valid and those declared invalid were separable and independent, and on the defendant’s appeal only those parts of it put in peril were those that related to the invalid tax. It is only when the appellant stands in the attitude of holding the fruits of the judgment to which he may not be entitled if his appeal succeeds that the rule stated applies. Alexander v. Alexander, 104 N. Y. 643. In this view, the headnote to Laird v. Giffin, 84 Wis. 286, is somewhat misleading. The conditional character of the judgment is noted in the opinion, but not recognized or stated in the syllabus. So what is said in Hixon v. Oneida Co. 82 Wis. 515, on page 530 of the opinion, must be read in view of what we have heretofore said on this subject. Wirth v. Bartell, 89 Wis. 594, may be consulted with profit, as illustrating the view we have taken.

The application of these principles to the case at bar, independent of the attitude of the parties to each other, as before noted, leads us to the conclusion that the defendant has not waived her right of appeal. So far as her case is concerned, and upon her appeal, she stands in no peril of losing what she has received. Under the judgment rendered, she is entitled absolutely, by independent and separable provisions, to the money she has received. The money paid her was not paid under any circumstances of accord and satisfaction of the judgment, or under any conditions of the judgment that induced the plaintiff to make such payment. The view we have taken renders necessary a reversal of those portions of the judgment giving the plaintiff any right to the mortgrge fund. If it be true that plaintiff has collected the mortgage debt, the new judgment should be in such form. as to protect the defendant’s interest, and secure payment to her of the entire amount unpaid, less the amount retained by the bank in payment of defendant’s note.

By the Oowrt.— Those portions of the judgment of the circuit court above alluded to are reversed, and the balance of the judgment is affirmed, and the cause is remanded with directions to enter judgment for the defendant in accordance with this opinion.