Feldgus v. Friedman

269 Pa. 60 | Pa. | 1920

Opinion by

Mr. Justice Moschzisker,

Jacob Feldgus, trading under the name and style of the Feldgus Glove Company, sued Jacob M. Friedman and Abe Friedman, trading as the Enterprise Leather Company, to recover an account for merchandise sold; judgment was entered on a verdict for plaintiff, and de-' fendants have appealed.

At trial, after plaintiff rested, the court permitted defendants to amend their affidavit of defense, by adding an averment that the former was doing business under a fictitious name and had failed to register as required by the Act of June 28, 1917, P. L. 645, which prohibits the conducting of any business “under an assumed or fictitious name, style or designation,” unless the person employing such name shall first file, “in the office of the secretary of the Commonwealth and of the prothonotarv of the proper county,” certificates “setting forth the real name or names and addresses of all persons owning or interested in said business” and the designation under which it is to be conducted. The statute further provides that “any person carrying on or conducting any business in violation of this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor”; it fixes a maximum punishment of $500 fine and one year’s imprisonment.

Defendants produced no direct evidence to prove plaintiff had not complied with the law; but they called Feldgus, “as for cross-examination,” and asked him whether he had registered under the act. This was objected to on various grounds, among others that the answer might tend to incriminate the witness; the objection was sustained and exception granted.

In view of the Act of May 23, 1887, P. L. 158, 161, which, by section 10, provides, “Except defendants actually on trial in a criminal court, any competent witness may be compelled to testify in any proceeding, civil or criminal, but he may not be compelled to answer any question which, in the opinion of the trial judge, would tend to incriminate him,” it cannot well be maintained that the court below erred in not compelling a reply to the question here under consideration. Defendants argue, however, that plaintiff’s refusal to answer justifies an inference he had not complied with the registration law; and they contend the jurors should have been permitted to draw this inference, and decide the case accordingly.

We cannot sustain appellant’s contention, because, if for no stronger reason, the fact sought to be established was capable of proof by better evidence than mere inference; it was a matter of official record in two public offices, and readily susceptible of direct proof.

Under the circumstances of this case, if defendants had desired to take advantage of the Act of 1917, it was their duty to produce direct evidence; and, not having done so, they cannot now complain because the court below refused to enter judgment in their favor n. o. v., as though such proofs had been furnished;

The complaint just referred to, and a criticism of the charge because it failed “to instruct the jury that the refusal of plaintiff......to answer the question,, as to whether he had complied with the provisions of the act ......, raised a presumption that he had failed to comply” therewith, are the only matters assigned as error. This last complaint is without merit, for the reasons already stated; but, we may add, no request was made for sucb an instruction.

Neitker assignment really raises tke point defendants seek to bring before us on tkis appeal, and further discussion is quite unnecessary.

Tke assignments of error are overruled and tke judgment is affirmed.