241 N.W. 37 | Minn. | 1932
Lead Opinion
The complaint charged that respondent was the owner of a motorboat, located and used upon Lake Minnetonka by his family for family purposes, and that Phillip, his son, was a member of said family, using said motorboat at the time and on the occasion of the accident. Further, that plaintiff as a guest was riding in the motorboat so operated by Phillip.
Is the head of a family who makes provision for the pleasure of the members of his family by furnishing a motorboat therefor liable for injuries or damages resulting from the negligence of such a member when using such motorboat for his own pleasure? That is the sole question here. In other words, does the family car doctrine *359
as announced in Kayser v. Van Nest,
The family car doctrine is well established in this state. It is:
"Where the head of the family makes it his business to provide recreation and pleasure for the family and its several members and to that end furnishes an automobile, he is responsible for its negligent use by any one of the family having his permission to drive it." Johnson v. Smith,
In no case in Minnesota has the family car doctrine been extended to cover anything other than an automobile. We are not referred to any cases from other jurisdictions, nor have we found any where that doctrine has been extended to cover a motorboat.
In Mogle v. A. W. Scott Co.
"The doctrine [family car] is a development of the rules applicable to the relation of master and servant and principal and agent, which have been extended to meet a new situation brought about by the invention of the automobile and its common use, with the owner's permission, by the members of his family for whom he has provided it." *360
In numerous cases from other jurisdictions and in textbooks will also be found statements indicating the reasons for making the family car doctrine applicable to automobiles and to them only. The necessities of the situation prompted such application, and public policy required it. In this state upwards of one million automobiles are traversing the tens of thousands of miles of public highway therein; because of such common use of automobiles many thousands of serious accidents occur annually, and a startling number of lives are lost. Automobiles are operated on congested streets in our municipalities; are driven on paved highways at high rates of speed and often by careless, reckless, and sometimes drunken drivers; pedestrians are in constant danger. The number of motorboats, even in the state of Minnesota with its more than 10,000 lakes, is extremely limited when compared with the number of automobiles upon its highways. Boats in far greater number are propelled by oars. Considering the wide expanse of the water surface of our lakes and rivers and the comparatively small number of motorboats thereon, which do not move in lanes or prescribed routes, a situation is not presented justifying, much less requiring as a matter of public policy, the extension of the family car doctrine to cover them. It is evident that in practically all of the decisions the doctrine was applied to automobiles in the interest of justice and as a necessity. The situation as regards motorboats is in no way comparable to that of automobiles. We hold that the demurrer was properly sustained.
Affirmed.
Concurrence Opinion
I concur in the result.
Dissenting Opinion
The distinction seems to me to be wholly illogical. It is not the number of automobiles that constitutes the basis of the so-called family car doctrine, but it is the fact that the owner provides it for the recreation, pleasure, and use of the family. The instrumentality is for the beneficial use of the family and purpose of the owner. So serving the family, it is in the promotion of the owner's *361 welfare. Such being the case, the operator is operating in his interest, and hence he should be liable, which is as though the members of the family were his employes. The reason for the doctrine is just as applicable in the use of a motorboat kept and maintained for the recreation and pleasure of his family as in relation to an automobile so kept. Both are motor vehicles, the one on land, the other on water. In my opinion the rule should be construed as applicable to both.
Dissenting Opinion
I agree with the Chief Justice.
