121 Misc. 556 | N.Y. Sup. Ct. | 1923
On August 1, 1919, plaintiff sold and delivered to John D. Lapham and Dennis C. Sawyer, as copartners doing business as Lapham & Sawyer, a stock of merchandise and fixtures situate in a store building in Rushford, N. Y., in consideration of the sum of $12,500, $2,000 of which was then paid, $10,500 to be paid in the future, represented by Lapham & Sawyer’s promissory note payable to the order of the plaintiff, and in the further consideration that Lapham & Sawyer should procure such property to be insured against loss by fire payable to the plaintiff as his interest might appear at the time of a possible fire. Thereafter Lapham & Sawyer conducted a general store selling such merchandise by retail, and adding to the stock of merchandise from time to time. On November 23, 1921, all of the original stock of merchandise purchased August 1, 1919, had been sold excepting about $400 worth of merchandise and new stock had been added of the value of about $24,000. The avails of sales of the merchandise sold by plaintiff were used in the purchase of such new stock. Payments had been made upon the promissory note of upwards of $3,500, and on November 23, 1921, the unpaid balance due plaintiff was represented by a promissory note of Lapham & Sawyer of $7,000. Lapham & Sawyer in 1919, 1920 and 1921 procured policies of insurance to be issued by several insurance companies insuring their stock of merchandise against loss by fire aggregating $13,000, all policies insuring and payable to “A. M. Farwell — Lapham & Sawyer.” On November 24, 1921, a fire occurred destroying all of the insured merchandise. On November 27, 1921, the $7,000 note was renewed by a new note for $7,105 payable in two months. Shortly thereafter the insurance loss was adjusted at the sum of $13,000 and drafts for that amount were delivered by the insurance companies to their, local agent all payable to A. M. Farwell — ■ lapham &-■ Sawyer, to be delivered to the payees upon execution
The right of the plaintiff to the funds on deposit can only be determined primarily upon an interpretation of the agreement made in 1919 between plaintiff and Lapham & Sawyer relative to the insurance to be placed on the merchandise then sold. The terms of the agreement were not reduced to writing and can only be ascertained by an inspection of the testimony. The plaintiff testifies that it was stated at "the time of the sale “ That the stock should be insured payable to me as my interest might appear at the time of possible fire.” One witness testifies that “ Mr. Farwell said he wanted the stock insured in case of fire and Lapham agreed to it.” Mr. Lapham was not called as a witness. Upon this testimony it is apparent that Lapham & Sawyer agreed with plaintiff that the stock should be insured against loss by fire and in the event that there should be a fire loss that the insurance moneys should be payable to the plaintiff as his interest might appear at the time of possible fire. What is the meaning of such agreement? Plaintiff had sold the stock of merchandise to Lapham & Sawyer; no interest in the merchandise was retained by the plaintiff. He had no lien upon the merchandise for the unpaid
It was said in Hastings v. Westchester Fire Ins. Co., 73 N. Y. 141, 149: “ In case the loss is payable to a third person, who has no insurable interest in the property insured, but only claims the insurance as collateral security for liabilities incurred prior to the insurance the latter only can maintain an action on the ^policy as an appointee of the owner who is authorized to receive the same,” citing Frank v. Hampden Ins. Co., 45 Barb. 384.
In Frank v. Hampden Ins. Co., supra, the policy issued upon property owned by H. provided loss if any should be “ payable to F. as collateral.” H. was indebted to F. at the time. It was held that F. could maintain the action, although having no insurable interest; he was the appointee of H. to whom the money was payable.
In view of the fact that the insurance companies have paid the fire loss and'that the insurance money claimed by the plaintiff is now on deposit, and its title is freed from all controversy as to the liability of the insurance companies, the question as to whether the plaintiff had an insurable interest in the lost merchandise is entirely immaterial. The sole question seems to be whether the agreement made in 1919 between plaintiff and Lapham & Sawyer relative to the insurance moneys was valid and enforci
It is stated in 26 Corpus Juris, 445, that a creditor of an insured to whom the policy is made payable is entitled to the proceeds and is not bound to apply them to the benefit of the debtor.
Under the terms of the agreement the insurance was effected for plaintiff’s benefit and security. It was a legal agreement founded on adequate consideration. Lapham & Sawyer had a perfect right to make the same. It was a part of the terms of sale by plaintiff to Lapham & Sawyer. The general creditors have no superior equities to the insurance fund over the plaintiff. The property that was destroyed by the fire consisted partly of merchandise that had been sold by the general creditors to a solvent copartnership that had not been paid for, and partly of merchandise that had been purchased with funds realized from sales of merchandise formerly owned by plaintiff that had not been paid for. The testimony is that all avails of plaintiff’s merchandise had been reinvested in the stock in the store. The moneys that paid the premiums for the insurance came from sales of plaintiff’s merchandise that had not been paid for, as well as from sales of merchandise purchased from the general creditors.
In Sexton v. Kessler, 225 U. S. 90, it was held that a delivery of securities in 1907 by a bankrupt less than four months prior to the adjudication was not prohibited as a preference under the Bankrupt Act for the reason that the agreement for such delivery was made in 1903; that when the defendant took possession of the securities in 1907 it only exercised a right that had been created in 1903 long before the bankruptcy.
A party cannot mortgage property which he does not have, but he can agree to mortgage it or give a lien upon it as soon as he gets it, and equity will enforce the agreement and establish the lien. Where the intent is to give a lien, and what is done is consistent with its creation and not a contract for something else, equity will treat as done what was intended to be done, and the lien may be established and foreclosed in the same action National Bank v. Rogers, 166 N. Y. 381, 390.
The plaintiff is entitled to judgment establishing his lien upon the money on deposit, awarding him the title thereto and directing the depository to pay the same together with all accumulation thereon to him, together with costs.
Let findings be prepared.
Judgment accordingly.