62 S.W.2d 1115 | Tex. App. | 1933
Lead Opinion
On June 16, 1930, C. C. Carmony executed and delivered his note for $5,000 to Farmers’ National Bank of Dublin, and to secure same gave a deed of trust (also joined in by his wife) on lot No. 14, block 6, in the city of Dublin. The note and deed of trust were given in renewal of a note and deed of tr.ust upon the same property dated July 30, 1929; the former lien being expressly continued. The deed of trust in suit, as well as the original deed of trust, contained this recital: “We warrant that the above' described lot constitutes no part of our legal homestead and is not occupied, used or claimed by us as such.” In defense of this suit brought by said Farmers’ National Bank upon the inote and to foreclose the deed of trust lien, the defendants urged the invalidity of the lien on the ground that said property was, at the date of the deed of trust, their business homestead. In reply to this defense, the bank pleaded (a) that the use of said property as a business homestead, if it had ever been such, was abandoned in 1922, when a
Pending the suit, and before trial, plaintiff ran a garnishment against Geo. H. Wray, a partner of Carmony. The garnishee answered, denying indebtedness to Carmony and the possession of any effects belonging to him. The answer of the garnishee, however, disclosed the existence of money and property belonging to the partnership of Wray & Car-mony, and also alleged an indebtedness due by Carmony to garnishee. Ry agreement the garnishment suit was consolidated with the original suit and both tried as one.
The trial court, as a part of the judgment, discharged the garnishee, and allowed him recovery of $150 as reasonable attorneys’ fees. The bank, having appealed from said judgment, challenges the correctness of said judgment and proceedings in the court below in three respects, namely: (1) The failure of the judgment to award a foreclosure of the deed of trust lien; (2) the admission in evidence over the objection of appellant of a chattel mortgage given by Carmony to Wray upon certain property and fixtures in the building .upon the property covered by said deed of trust; (3) the provision of the judgment discharging the garnishee Wray and awarding him recovery of $150 as attorneys’ fees.
The question involved in the failure of the judgment to award a foreclosure of the deed of trust lion is whether or not appellees were estopped as a matter of law,from showing that the property therein described was. at the time of the execution of said deed of trust, their business homestead. The record contains no conclusions of fact and law. No assignment of error challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to establish any particular issue of fact. Unless, therefore, it can be said that the issue of estoppel was shown by the undisputed evidence, no error is made to appear. All testimony, if any, tending to show there was no estoppel, must, of course under the circumstances, be taken to be true
There was evidence to the effect that Oar mony was a married man, the head of a family, and a resident of the city of Dublin that he owned said lot and had constructed a building thereon, designed and suitable foi an ice cream factory; that at the date of tht deed of trust in question he owned a one-hall interest in an ice cream manufacturing anc poultry business, Geo. H. Wray, a partner owning the other half. Both departments o: the business were conducted on said lot 14 block 6, owned exclusively by Carmony, and in addition, there was used in the poultry department of the business certain lots acrosi the street from said lot 14, block 6, whicl were owned in common by Wray & Carmo ny. Wray was manager of the business, am drew a salary of $190 per month. The firn paid Carmony $90 per month for the use o: the property owned by him individually Carmony worked at said ice cream and poul try business as his main business, but die not give his time to it exclusively. It wa particularly a part of his duties to keep th machinery used in making ice cream in re pair. The office for both branches of th business and in which the business was trans acted was in the building on the lot in ques tion. Carmony had no other office.
The original note of which the note in sui was a renewal was given to cover pre-exist ing debts which were unsecured. Appellan asked Carmony to make said notes and giv said security. When so requested, Carmon; told appellant’s representative that he hai nothing to offer for security. When it wa suggested that he give a deed of trust upoi the lot in question, Carmony told him tha “any kind of a mortgage on it isn’t worth darn, as security it wouldn’t be worth : darn.” Upon this point Carmony furthe testified: “Well, he says, ‘Would you mini giving it on this note?’ And 1 says, ‘No So went ahead and drew up the deed of trus then; from my remarks that were mad there he, of course, knew that piece of prop erty was homestead piece of property and al I had in the world in Dublin or anywher else, and all the business I had at that tim was located in that building.” He furthe testified that he only read the description in the deed of trust, and that neither he no his wife read the provision with reference t the property not being homestead. Carmon; worked part of his time for a compress com pany and was paid a salary, but he testifiei
The evidence shows that, besides the lot in question and the lots across the street in which Wray owned a one-half interest, Carmony owned no property which was or ever had been “a place to exercise the calling or business” of Carmony as “the head of a family.” It is immaterial, we think, that he owned other property which, if it had been used as such, might have constituted a business homestead. There was nb estoppel in fact or law, unless as between the lot in question and the lots across the street from it, owned jointly by Wray and Carmony, and used in connection with a part of the business, there existed such an equivocalness of use as that either could be shown to be Car-mony’s business homestead by supplying proof of his intention to make it such, in addition to proof of the actual use made of same. The rule in that respect is believed to be the same as to business homesteads as applies to residence homesteads. That rule is, as we have recently had occasion to consider: “Where the facts respecting two places are such that the homestead character will attach to either to the exclusion of the other, according to the husband’s intention, and the' husband makes a declaration of that intention, causing another to act thereon, he will be estopped later to declare a contrary intention.” life Insurance Company of Virginia v. Weatherford (Tex. Civ. App.) 60 S.W.(2d) 883, 885. The authorities from which this statement of the rule was deduced are as follows: Parrish v. Hawes, 95 Tex. 185, 66 S. W. 209; Carstens v. Landrum (Tex. Com. App.) 17 S.W.(2d) 803; Purdy v. Grove (Tex. Civ. App.) 35 S.W.(2d) 1078; First Texas Joint Stock Land Bank v. Chapman (Tex. Civ. App.) 48 S.W.(2d) 651; Dallas Bldg. & Loan Ass’n v. Patterson (Tex. Civ. App.) 48 S.W.(2d) 657.
If the lot in question was exempt, the exemption did not extend to the lots across the street, although used in a part of the same business. Rock Island Plow Co. v. Alten, 102 Tex. 366, 116 S. W. 1144; Harrington v. Mayo, 61 Tex. Civ. App. 610, 130 S. W. 650; McDonald v. Campbell, 57 Tex. 614; Bowman v. Stark (Tex. Civ. App.) 185 S. W. ) 921; Hinzie v. Moody, 1 Tex. Civ. App. 26, 20 S. W. 769.
We believe the evidence shows, under the authorities cited, that Carmony could have ?iven a valid mortgage on his interest in the .ots across the street. If so, then the use of :he different properties was not of that íquivocal character from which an estoppel nay arise. The evidence clearly shows that, vith reference to the entire business of Wray & Carmony conducted on lot 14, block 6, that portion of the business conducted on the other lots was but auxiliary or in aid of the busi - ness premises proper. 22 Tex. Jur. p. 272, § 190; McDonald v. Campbell, supra; Bowman v. Stark, supra.
No effort was made to show that the lots across the street constituted the business ■homestead. Rather, it seems to have been the view of the appellee that to show the existence of any property that could, by the use of it as such, constitute a business homestead, was sufficient, without any proof of the actual. use. There was no evidence of the character of improvements upon the lots across the street. Only from the pleadings can we know that there was any character of building upon same. There was no evidence as to the adaptability or necessity of said property in the conduct of the business other than that it was in fact used. One characteristic essential to the existence of a business homestead exemption is that the property must be adapted and reasonably necessary. 22 Tex. Jur. 269, § 188; Pfeiffer & Co. v. McNatt, 74 Tex. 640, 12 S. W. 821. We are doubtful if the issue of estoppel was raised by the evidence, but, whether so or not, we are firmly of the opinion that estoppel was not skown as a matter of law.
But, if it could be said that it was established by the uncontroverted evidence that Carmony was making such use of different properties each adapted and reasonably necessary in the conduct of one or more businesses as that by a declaration of his intention it could be shown that either was exempt, still we are of opinion that estoppel was not shown as a matter of law. Notwithstanding the recitation in the deed of trust, the evidence raised an issue of fact as to appellant’s reliance upon such recital. The effect of Carmony’s testimony is that appellant knew of the use of the property as business homestead and of his claim that the mortgage was void for that reason, and took same because it made the paper ostensibly secured look better to the bank examiners. The judgment for appellee implies a finding of this fact issue against the appellant.
The other questions are not difficult of determination. The garnishee answered to the effect that he was not indebted to Carmony, and had no effects belonging to him except his interest in partnership property and funds. Such was a complete answer, and, if true, entitled him to a discharge. The burden was upon appellant to establish the contrary. “The funds and effects of a partnership are not liable to a garnishment for the debt of an individual member.” 20 Tex. Jur. p. 720, § 19; Belva Oil Co. v. Lowe (Tex. Civ. App.) 27 S.W.(2d) 599. As further said by the authority first cited: “This principle is based upon the theory that the as
The chattel mortgage was immaterial upon the issue of the liability of the garnishee, and hence there could be no error in its admission in evidence. The evidence wholly failed to establish the facts necessary to show that the garnishee was not entitled to a discharge upon his answer.
Being of opinion that no error is.shown, and that the judgment below should be affirmed, it is accordingly so ordered.
Rehearing
On Rehearing.
Appellant’s motion for rehearing exhibits such evidences of careful research and learning as justly to merit further discussion. In the original opinion, we expressed a doubt whether the issue of estoppel was raised by the evidence. Estoppel was a defense of a nature required to be pleaded. The question then is, Did the uncontroverted evidence show conclusively as a matter of law the existence of each, and every necessary fact alleged to constitute estoppel? A careful reading of appellant’s first supplemental petition, wherein are to be found the facts relied upon to constitute an estoppel, shows that it. was not alleged that the lots across the street from the property in controversy were used, or ever had been used, as a business homestead, nor that same were adapted to, or necessary as, a place of business. On the contrary, appellant expressly averred (not in the alternative nor by separate count) that Oarmony was not engaged in the ice cream and poultry business, as he claimed, which was the only business in connection with which, according to the undisputed evidence, said lots were used. The plea of estoppel expressly alleged: “That there was located on Lot 6, Blk. 2 a two-story store or brick business house situated on the west side of Patrick Street and within the business district of the city of Dublin, which building was better located and a more valuable site for business purposes and adapted by both location and construction to the uses of a business homestead than was the property in controversy in this case.” Then, after alleging that since 1622 Carmony’s business had been the ice manufacturing business, the cotton compress business, and dealing in futures and brokerage business, further alleged: ■“That no part of said business and occupations named was carried on by defendant on the premises in controversy, but that sam« was carried on in part in the building located on Lot 5, Blk. 2, and at other places in the city of Dublin, separate and apart from Lot 14, Blk. 6, involved in this cause.” It is thus clearly to be seen that, in considering whether the undisputed evidence established each necessary fact relied upon to constitute ar estoppel, the facts regarding the conditior and use of said lots across the street from the property in controversy are wholly immaterial, as they are entirely without the scope of the pleadings. The conclusion of the tria court was that Oarmony’s business, in connection with which his business homesteac rights attached, was neither of those alleged in the plea of estoppel, but another and different business, and, if there was an issue oi fact upon this point it was determined against the appellant. It is necessarily true 'that those lots across the street could nol have been used as the place of business ir 'any of the businesses alleged by the appellee
It is therefore our opinion that the plead ings did not tender any issue as to which th< condition and use of the lots across the stree were material.
The validity of our conclusion to the effee that the evidence raised an issue of fact re garding appellant’s reliance upon the state ment in the deed of trust is challenged oi the ground that some of the evidence eon sisted of the conclusion or opinion of th< witness, and should therefore be excluded from consideration under authority of Henry v. Phillips, 106 Tex. 466, 151 S. W. 633. Thi: point is urged particularly to the testimo-nj of Carmony quoted in the original opinion a: follows: “From my remarks that were mad( there he, of course, knew that piece of prop erty was homestead piece of property and al I had in the world in Dublin or anywheri else.” It may be conceded that this testimo ny is the statement of a conclusion not to b considered under said authority. That con cession, however, does not affect the validit; of our holding. There was evidence iron which the jury would have been warrante< in reaching the same conclusion by way of in ference from facts in the testimony. Ther was evidence that the property was valuable! There was evidence of its use as a place o business. There was no evidence of any fac from which it could be reasonably inferrei that the property was worthless as security for any other reason than it was claimed t be homestead.
Upon the whole, therefore, it is our conclu sion that the motion for rehearing should b overruled, which is accordingly so orderec