889 P.2d 1363 | Or. Ct. App. | 1995
Plaintiff brought this action against his employer, alleging unlawful employment practices under ORS chapter 659.
Defendant employed plaintiff in its soft drink bottling business beginning in 1976. Plaintiffs most recent position was “vendor-installer,” which entails the repair and delivery of vending machines weighing 200 to 800 pounds. Throughout his employment, plaintiff was a member of Teamsters Local Union No. 162 (union), which was party to a collective bargaining agreement (CBA) governing the terms and conditions of plaintiff s employment with defendant. The CBA contains, in relevant part: (1) a seniority provision that allows an employee to retain seniority rights for 18 months for absence due to a work-related injury; (2) an Equal Employment Opportunity provision that declares an intention to comply with all federal and state equal opportunity laws and specifically prohibits discrimination on the basis of several classifications; and (3) a mandatory grievance procedure culminating in binding arbitration.
On September 19, 1991, plaintiff filed a grievance with the union, alleging that he had been wrongfully denied reinstatement to his former position.
In the meantime, in August, 1992, plaintiffs grievance was submitted to arbitration to resolve the following stipulated issue:
“Did the Employer properly refuse to place the Grievant into a merchandiser position following his request to return to work?”
The arbitrator found that the evidence “supported the conclusion that [plaintiff] was not physically capable of performing merchandiser work” as of October 22, 1991, when plaintiffs seniority lapsed. He decided, therefore, that “the Employer did not violate the [CBA]” and “properly refused to place [plaintiff] into a merchandiser position following his request to return to work.” The arbitrator’s opinion explained that his role was “to serve as a ‘contract reader’ * * * to interpret and apply [the CBA], not to enforce a statute,” but noted that his responsibility under the CBA was
Plaintiff filed this civil action in May, 1993, to enforce his statutory rights under ORS chapter 659. The trial court granted defendant’s motion for summary judgment, despite its acknowledgement that Andrews v. May Department Stores, 96 Or App 305, 773 P2d 1324, rev den 308 Or 465 (1989), requires a different result. The sole issue on appeal is whether Andrews is still binding precedent in the light of more recent federal decisions.
The facts in Andrews were remarkably similar to those in this case. We held there that an award made pursuant to a binding arbitration provision in a CBA
“did not bar plaintiffs claims under ORS chapter 659 on principles of res judicata and that the parties are not collaterally estopped from relitigating facts decided in arbitration.” 96 Or App at 313. (Footnote omitted.)
We stated that, “[w]ere we free to write on a clean slate, our analysis of collateral estoppel might reach a different result,” but that we were constrained by Vaughn v. Pacific Northwest Bell Telephone, 289 Or 73, 611 P2d 281 (1980). 96 Or App at 313. (Footnote omitted.)
Defendant argues that the “slate is now clean,” because the reasoning in Vaughn was based on Alexander v. Gardner-Denver Co., 415 US 36, 94 S Ct 1011, 39 L Ed 2d 147 (1974), which has since been rejected by Gilmer v. Interstate/Johnson Lane Corp., 500 US 20, 111 S Ct 1647, 114 L Ed 2d 26 (1991). Defendant misreads Gilmer.
In Vaughn v. Pacific Northwest Bell Telephone, supra, the plaintiff brought an action against her former employer under ORS chapter 659 before the grievance procedure mandated by a CBA had been completed. The Supreme Court concluded that “these statutes were intended to afford an alternative or to supplement existing remedies in a collective bargaining agreement” and held that binding arbitration was not the plaintiffs exclusive remedy. 289 Or at 87. It found persuasive the United States Supreme Court’s reasoning in Alexander v. Gardner-Denver Co., supra, regarding statutory claims under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 USC § 2000e et seq, because of the similarity
In Gardner-Denver, the United States Supreme Court held that an employee’s submission of a grievance to final arbitration under a CBA’s nondiscrimination clause does not preclude the right to sue under Title VII.
Seventeen years later, the Supreme Court decided Gilmer v. Interstate!Johnson Lane Corp., supra. In that case, a stockbroker brought a federal claim for age discrimination after being discharged from his employment with a brokerage firm. The employer filed a motion to compel arbitration of the claim, because the employee’s registration application with several stock exchanges as a securities representative required arbitration of any controversy involving termination of employment. The Supreme Court concluded that a party who has made an agreement to arbitrate should be held to that agreement unless Congress intended to preclude a
Questions about Gilmer’s effect on Title VII claims were addressed within the year. In Alford v. Dean Witter Reynolds, Inc., 939 F2d 229 (5th Cir 1991), the Fifth Circuit, on remand from the Supreme Court, held that Title VII claims, like those under the ADEA, can be subject to commercial agreements to arbitrate. However, that court explicitly recognized the continuing applicability of Alexander v. Gardner-Denver Co., supra, in the collective bargaining context. 939 F2d at 230. Accord Mago v. Shearson Lehman Hutton Inc., 956 F2d 932 (9th Cir 1992); Willis v. Dean Witter Reynolds, Inc., 948 F2d 305 (6th Cir 1991). We agree with that analysis.
In this case, the terms and conditions of plaintiffs employment were subject to a CBA. Because Alexander v. Gardner-Denver Co., supra, remains valid in the collective bargaining context, the Oregon Supreme Court’s reasoning in Vaughn v. Pacific Northwest Bell Telephone, supra, has not been undercut. Andrews v. May Department Stores, supra, which relied on Vaughn, remains binding precedent. The trial court erred in granting defendant’s motion for summary judgment.
Reversed and remanded.
Plaintiff alleged violations of ORS 659.410 (prohibiting discrimination against worker for applying for workers’ compensation benefits), ORS 659.415 (requiring reinstatement of injured worker into former position), ORS 659.420 (requiring reemployment into available and suitable job for disabled worker), and ORS 659.425 (prohibiting discrimination against disabled persons).
The CBA provides, in part:
“ARTICLE 9
“Seniority, Layoff and Rehire
“ * * * *
“9.4 An employee who has been absent from work as a result of non-job related illness or accident shall retain their seniority rights for a period of twelve (12) months, or in the case of absence due to job-related illness or accident for a period of eighteen (18) months, from the beginning of such absence; provided, however, that upon return to work they must be able to perform all of the regular assigned duties of the classification which was their regular classification at the time that such absence began. Senioriiy may be retained beyond twelve (12) months absence by mutual agreement between the Employer and the Union. Seniority shall be broken by twelve (12) months’ layoff, discharge or voluntary quits.
“ * * * *
*224 “ARTICLE 18
“Violation of Agreement
“18.1 Should any difference arise as to the meaning, application, or interpretation of the express provisions of this Agreement, or company work rules, the following means of adjustment shall be utilized.
“ * * * *
“18.4 STEP III Ifthe complaint or grievance is not settled* * * the Union and the Employer shall mutually choose a single arbitrator. * * * The decision of the arbitrator shall be final and binding on both parties.
“ * * * *
“ARTICLE 26
“Equal Employment Opportunity
“26.1 It is the continuing policy of both the Employer and the Union to comply with all Federal and State equal employment opportunity laws and to not discriminate against any employee because of race, color, sex, religion, age, or national origin.”
The union “Member’s Grievance Report” completed by plaintiff explains the grievance as follows:
“I was released to go back to work by my medical doctor. I called [employer] on Mon. Aug. 26,1991. [The personnel manager] was to call me back. I did not hear from her. So, I talked with my attorney and was told to show v. for work the*225 next morning. I did, and I was sent home [approximately] 45 minutes later. I called Wed. morning to [supervisor] saying I am ready to come back any time and to reaffirm that it was [employer’s] idea to send me home and not my idea.
“My attorney send [sic] [employer] and [its insurance carrier] a demand letter to reinstate me back to work and as of now 9/19/911 have not heard back.
“I am requesting my former job and all wages and benefits from the time I was released to return back to work by my doctor.”
The union’s letter also stated that “under Oregon State [sic] Statute 659.415 [plaintiff] is entitled to reinstatement immediately.”
Although the District Court appeared to base its reasoning on the doctrine of election of remedies, the Supreme Court made clear that its holding was “equally applicable to the doctrines of res judicata and collateral estoppel.” Alexander v. Gardner-Denver Co., supra, 415 US at 49 n 10.