139 N.Y. 290 | NY | 1893
The plaintiff sought to foreclose a mortgage assigned to her, before the commencement of the action, executed and delivered by the defendant, upon certain real estate of which she was the owner, subject to other mortgage liens, and bearing date April 30th, 1890, for $1,500, payable one year from date, with semi-annual interest. The mortgage was given to one Joseph H. Cain, with whom the negotiations *292 and transactions which resulted in its execution and delivery were had, or with agents acting for him or in his interest. The defense is fraud practiced upon the defendant, by means of which she was induced to make and deliver the mortgage and the accompanying bond. The facts to sustain this defense are stated with considerable detail, the substance of which, in brief, is as follows:
On the 9th of April, prior to the execution of the mortgage, the defendant, through her husband acting for her, entered into an agreement with Cain to exchange real estate. Each owned a house and lot incumbered by mortgage, the equity of redemption in which was to be conveyed to the other, and the agreement was actually carried out by the execution and delivery of proper conveyances. The mortgage in question was executed and delivered in pursuance of this agreement. It is alleged in substance that one Yoran, the plaintiff's son, was the principal actor in the transaction and the real party to be benefited. That though the record title to the real estate to be conveyed to the defendant was in Cain, yet his title was nominal, as his name was simply used by Yoran in the purchase of the property and in the negotiations for its sale to the defendant and in the conveyance. It is then charged in substance that Yoran, Cain and their broker, and another broker employed by and acting for the defendant's husband, her agent, conspired together to cheat and defraud the defendant by false and fraudulent representations concerning the value and condition of the house which the defendant by the agreement was to receive in exchange for her property and which she subsequently conveyed, and that, in reliance upon the truth of the statements, she, through her husband, entered into and executed the agreement and made the exchange. It is further averred that upon discovery of the fraud the defendant offered to rescind the whole transaction. The courts below have sustained the defense, and the charges of fraud and other facts alleged by the defendant are found by the learned trial judge to be substantially true. The testimony upon the issues of fact was very conflicting, but *293 after considering it with all the circumstances we are unable to say that any of the findings, material to the defense, and challenged by exception, are without support and, therefore, feel concluded by them as to the facts.
There are one or two questions of law, however, that should be noticed. One of the false representations made by Yoran and his broker to the defendant's husband, as appeared from the findings, which was relied upon, and which influenced her action in making the exchange and giving the bond and mortgage in suit, and upon which the finding of fraud is based, was that the house and lot transferred to the defendant in the exchange, was worth $15,000. That Cain had just purchased it at the price of $12,000, from the executors of the deceased owners, who were compelled to sell at a price below the real value, and that such was the consideration expressed in the deed to him from the executors, as would appear from the record in the county clerk's office.
It is further found that the defendant's husband, before entering into the transaction, did examine the deed in the clerk's office under which Cain took the title, and that it appeared from the same, that the consideration was $12,000, and that the defendant and her husband believed the statement. That while it was true that the consideration stated in the deed was $12,000, it was not true that the real consideration paid was that sum, but, on the contrary, the fact was that about twenty-four days before the transaction, Yoran had purchased the property for $7,000, which was its true value, and had taken the deed in the name of Cain, expressing a fictitious consideration, for the purpose of deceiving investors, and that the defendant had procured the consideration to be falsely stated in the deed. This finding raises the question whether a false statement, deliberately made, by a party about to sell property, to the party about to purchase it, with respect to the price which he had paid for it to a former owner, is a sufficient basis upon which to predicate a finding of fraud, when the statement is relied upon by the party to whom made.
It has been held that a false statement by a vendor to *294
a vendee concerning the value of property about to be sold, will not sustain an action for fraud, but the vendee in such cases must rely on his own judgment. (Ellis v. Andrews,
It may be that the rule in such cases would be different if the purchaser was prevented by any act or artifice of the seller from exercising his judgment in ascertaining the value.
But the question here is not one arising out of a representation as to value. The representation was with respect to a fact which might, in the ordinary course of business, influence the action and control the judgment of the purchaser, namely, the price paid for the property about to be sold by the vendor, within less than a month prior to the transaction; and so, we think, that a false statement with respect to the price paid under such circumstances, which is intended to influence the purchaser, and does influence him, constitutes a sufficient basis for a finding of fraud.
It was so held in Sandford v. Handy (23 Wend. 260), where a new trial was granted to the plaintiff in an action of this character, on the ground that proof of such representations was improperly excluded at the trial. Ch. J. NELSON, delivering the opinion of the court (p. 269), said:
"I am also inclined to think that any misrepresentation as to the actual cost of the property is a material fact, and naturally calculated to mislead the purchaser. * * * Misrepresentation as to the cost of an article stands somewhat on the same footing. It is a material fact, which not only tends to enchance the value, but gives to it a firmness and effect beyond the force of mere opinion.
"The vendor is not bound to speak on the subject, but if he does, I think, he should speak the truth."
The same principle received the sanction of the court in VanEpps v. Horrison (5 Hill, 63), and is apparently recognized inSmith v. Countryman (
There is another question in the case as to how far these statements as to the cost of the property made by a broker *295
employed by Yoran can bind the plaintiff or Cain, her assignor But it sufficiently appears that Yoran used Cain's name in the transactions with his consent, and that he also employed the broker to sell the property or negotiate the agreement for an exchange. All persons who acted for or in the name of Cain, or with his consent, in bringing about the transaction must now be deemed to be his agents, and as he accepted the fruits of their efforts in this regard and took the title to the bond and mortgage, which was a part of the result of their negotiations, and transferred them to the plaintiff, all the methods employed by either Yoran or his broker to procure the agreement for an exchange and the mortgage in suit are imputable to the person in whose name they acted, and who voluntarily received the securities thus procured. He could not, even though innocent, receive a mortgage thus procured, and at the same time disclaim responsibility for the fraud by means of which the defendant was induced to deliver it. (Krumm v. Beach,
The plaintiff took no other or different title to the bond and mortgage than Cain had. The record discloses no estoppel or other principle of equity which can protect the plaintiff against any defense which might have been urged if the securities had remained in the hands of the original parties.
We have examined the other exceptions in the case, and as they do not present any question requiring discussion or any error that affects the judgment it should be affirmed, with costs.
All concur.
Judgment affirmed. *296
