29 F. 794 | S.D.N.Y. | 1887
This libel was filed to recover for loss and damage to 4,800 bags of sugar brought from Havana to New York, in December, 1885. Upon the evidence, it appears that about 1,614 bags exhibited external marks of stain or damage, 80 bags wore “slack,” and 1 empty. The slack and empty bags, as the proof shows, were not a greater loss than is usual in voyage's at that season, and in tempestuous weather. Two severe gales were encountered on this voyage, and for a considerable time the vessel was nearly upon her beam-ends, so that her pumps would not drawu The slack and empty hags came from the bilges. Under the circumstances, this small loss in slack and empty bags shows no evidence of negligence on the part of the ship, since some loss by drainage, under such circumstances, was unavoidable, without any presumptive fault of the ship. Such a loss presumptively falls within the excepted perils of the seas.
There is no sufficient evidence to show any material loss of weight beyond the slack and empty bags. Allowing the very considerable excess of tare claimed by the libelants over that estimated at the custom-house, the actual loss in weight, as compared with the not weight stated in the bill of lading, is but 2,218 pounds, a very small difference; certainly not a proof of negligence, under the circumstances of this voyage. The libelant claims an alleged natural increase in the weight of sugar. But there was no proof on this subject. Some cargoes lose in transit; others gain. Nor is it, in my judgment, competent to charge the ship with a loss of weight upon a more comparison of the weight slated in the margin of the bill of lading with the estimated proper gain on the voyage. The bill of lading, besides the printed statement, “Weight and contents unknown,” had also stamped across ils face a .special clause, “I do not know the weight, or contents, and am not liable for sea damage.” The whole number of bags received was actually delivered. The master testified that he had no knowledge of the weight, except that stated and given to him oil making out the bill of lading. I know of no case where, under sueli circumstances, the bill of lading was treated as sufficient evidence of the weight shipped, although there is such an intimation in the case of The Sloga, 10 Ben. 318. But proof was there made of the actual weight put aboard. In the subsequent case of The Ismaele, 14 Fed. Rep. 491, under a similar bill of lading, proof of the weight on shipment was held necessary, and this was affirmed on appeal; and oven the additional proof taken was held insufficient by Air. Justice Blatoiiford. 22 Fed.
The English authorities seem to sustain the same view. Jessel v. Bath, L. R. 2 Exch. 267; Lebeau v. General Steam Nav. Co., L. R. 8 C. P. 88, 96; The Peter der Grosse, L. R. 1 Prob. & Div. 414; Scrutton, Charter-parties, 52. When the vessel takes no part in ascertaining the weight shipped, and by the bill of lading states “weight and contents unknown,” there seems to me no reasonable intendment, from the mere statement of the weight as given by the shipper, that the master means to accept that statement as binding on him, or as any evidence of the weight shipped in case of an ascertained shortage oh delivery; or to assume the burden of proving the actual weight shipped in a distant port. So intolerable a burden upon the ship seems to me to afford the strongest presumption of a contrary intent.
In the present case the circumstances are stronger,. The special stamping of the words, “I do not know the weight,” upon the face of the bill of lading, clearly repels any presumption that the ship was to be held in any degree to the precise weight stated in the margin of the bill of lading. The burden, in case of alleged short delivery, rests, therefore, upon the libelant to prove the weight shipped by other evidence than the bill of lading.
Nor is there sufficient proof of any actual damage to the sugar beyond that incident to the proved sweating, which is a sea peril; though the bags were shown to be stained. None of the libelants, and no person in their employ, who presumptively would have known of the damage to the sugar and the nature and extent of it, were called as witnesses. The very imperfect and casual inspection made by the witnesses for the underwriters is not, to my mind, satisfactory proof that the cargo was damaged otherwise than to a very limited degree through the proved sweating. The respondents’ evidence proves that there was sweating apparently sufficient to account for the stains upon most of the bags. The witnesses on both sides say that the stained bags came out from amid others not stained, which is an evidence of sweating, and not of damage from want of dunnage. The evidence as to dunnage is very conflicting; but much of the difference in the opinions of the experts would seem to be explained by the peculiar model of the vessel. The sharp angle of her bottom, it is shown, affected materially the requisites in the details of dunnage, and the depth necessary along the bilges, according to the usual custom in such cases.
The case is one in which, owing to the different causes from which damage may arise, proof of the nature and extent of the damage is essential, in order to determine whether there was presumptively, or in fact, any negligence in the ship. I do not think the libelant has sufficiently established such negligence, (Six Hundred and Thirty Quarter Casks-of Sherry Wine, 14 Blatchf. 517,) and the libel should therefore be dismissed, with costs.
