Supreme Court of the State of Florida, ) Tallahassee, Fla., Jan. 16, 1889. )
To ITon. Francis P. Fleming, Governor of the State of Florida :
Sir : We have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of the 12th inst. You state that certain persons who were elected to county offices at the general election, held on the 6th day of November last, have failed to give bond and qualify within sixty days after such
Considering Section 6 of Article VIII, and Sections 9 and 10 of Article XVIII, together, it is plain that the first election of the following county offices, viz : Clerk of the Circuit Court, Sheriff, Constables, County Assessor of Taxes, Tax Collector, County Treasurer, Superintendent of Public Instruction, and County Surveyor and Justices of the Peace, and all elective county offices, was to take place on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November, A. D. 1888. By Section 14 of Article XVIII it is provided that “the terms of office of all county officers, unless otherwise provided, shall commence on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in January next after their election.”
The elective county officers, chosen at the election in November last, have not been excepted from the provisions of the last section as to the commencement of the terms for which they were elected.
Section 7 of Article VIII of the Constitution requires that all county officers, except Assistant Assessors of Taxes, shall, before entering upon the duties of their respective offices, be commissioned by the Governor, but provides that no such commission shall issue to any such officer until he shall have filed with the Secretary of State a good and sufficient bond, in such sum and upon such conditions as the Legislature shall by law prescribe, approved by the County Commissioners of the county in which such officer resides, and by the Comptroller. The last Legislature passed an act, chapter 3724, Laws of 1887, approved June 2, 1887, prescribing the sums and conditions of the bonds
The question of your power to fill vacancies occasioned by the failure of persons elected to county offices to give bond and qualify within the sixty days just mentioned, involves a consideration of several sections of the Constitution. Sections 6, 7 and 9 of the schedule, or eighteenth article, are as follows :
Section 6. The term of office for all appointees to fill vacancies in any of the elective offices under this Constitution shall extend only to the election and qualification of a successor at the ensuing general election.
Section 7. In all cases of elections to fill vacancies in office such election shall be for the unexpired term.
Section 9. A general election shall be held in each county in this State on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November, A. I). 1888, and every two years thereafter, for all elective State and county officers, whose terms of office are about to expire, or for any office that shall have become vacant.
These three sections cover vacancies in elective county offices, and a vacancy of the character specified by you must, in view of Section 7 of Article VIII, supra, be held to be within their meaning. Considering sections 6 and 7 of the schedule together, we see that the former contemplates the filling of a vacancy7 by appointment and the latter by an election. Though the word appointees may sometimes include in its signification any person elected or designated by popular vote for an office, such construction of it in the connection in which it is presented here is, we think, untenable. If such had been the sense in or purpose for
Our understanding of these two sections, as applicable to elective county offices, is that when a vacancy occurs in any of them, an appointment to fill such vacancy may be made by the Governor, and that such appointee holds until the qualification of the person who may be chosen at the ensuing general election to fill the residue of the term, after such election.
That this is the correct interpretation is made more apparent by the ninth section, in providing that a general election shall be held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November, and every two years thereafter, for, among other purposes, “any office that shall have become vacant.” This is the “general election ” which is referred to in the sixth section, and at which the person is to be elected whose “ qualification ” terminates the tenure of the appointee holding under the sixth section. The seventh section prescribes the term of the person chosen at an election held under the ninth section to fill a vacancy in an elective county office.
In reaching the conclusion announced above we have not overlooked section 7, of the executive article, which is as follows:
When any office from any cause shall become vacant and no mode is provided by this Constitution, or by the laws of the State for filling such vacancy, the Governor shall have power to fill such vacancy by granting a commission for the unexpired term.
Under this section no appointment is to be made to fill a vacanc}? except when neither the Constitution nor the laws providea modefor filling it,and of course where the appointment is not made under it, its provisions as to the duration of fhe appointment do not apply. Section 7 of the executive article of the Constitution of 1868 was in substantially the same language, except that the commission was “ to expire at the next election,” and it was held that the power vested in the Governor by it was not a power to fill the office for the unexpired term, but only for the time intervening between the occurrence of the vacancy and the filling of the office by an election by the people, and that a special election could be held to fill the office for the unexpired term. Weeks vs. Gamble, 13 Florida, 9; State vs. Weeks, 14 Florida, 9. The difference in the effect of the two sections as to the duration of the appointment is manifest.
As to the vacancies in elective county offices, covered by our inquiry, the Constitution has, however, as indicated
If it be assumed that the legislation of 1887, sections 4, 5, 6, Chapter 3704, is to be construed as inconsistent with this power, our opinion is that the power cannot be taken away by the Legislature.
Very respectfully,
Geo. P. Raney, Chief Justice.
A. E. Maxwell, Justice.
H. L. Mitchell, Justice.