*351 OPINION
This is аn application for a writ of habeas corpus filed pursuant to Art. 11.07, V.A.C. C.P.
Petitioner urges that his conviction in Cause No. 4985 in the 42nd District Court of Cаllahan County is void because the court lacked jurisdiction to enter the judgment and sentence.
Petitioner was charged by informatiоn and complaint with the offense of aggravated robbery. Both documents allege that petitioner committed the offense in Taylor County. Each document is signed by an assistant district attorney of Callahan County. Prosecution in the cause took place in Callahan County. Petitioner pleaded guilty to the court, and was convicted. Punishment was assessed at eight years’ imprisonment. Sentence wаs imposed.
Venue for the offense of aggravated robbery is the county where the offense was committed — in this case alleged to be Táy-lor County. Art. 13.18, V.A.C.C.P. According to petitioner, there was no change of venue to Callahan County. It follows, petitioner reasons, that the District Court of Callahan County lacked jurisdiction to enter the judgment and sentence in this cause.
It is implicit in petitioner’s contention that venue is jurisdictional, i.e. that because venue was improper, the court lacked jurisdiction to try the cause. Although we сannot tell from the state of the record before us whether venue actually was improper, we shall assume that it was improрer in order to dispose of this case. 1
Petitioner misconstrues the nature of venue. Venue is distinct from jurisdiction. The latter concеrns the power of the court to hear and determine the case. Venue means the place where a case may bе tried.
Etchieson v. State,
Improper venue, unlike jurisdiction, may be waived by the defendant’s failure to object at trial.
Etchieson,
supra;
Ellzey,
supra;
Gates v. State,
Regarding the criminal jurisdiction of district courts, i.e. the рower of those courts to hear criminal cases, Art. 5, § 8 of the Texas Constitution provides only that those courts “shall have original jurisdiction in all criminal cases of the grade of felony,” and “of all misdemeanors involving official misconduct.” The Texas Constitution provides no other limitation on the jurisdiction of district courts in regard to criminal matters. The Code of Criminal Procedure simply traces the constitutional provision. Art. 4.05, V.A.C.C.P.
The distinction between venue and jurisdiction was stated early on by Judge Morrow in his dissent in Taylor, supra:
The Constitution having fixed no venue for thе trial of felonies, and [in Art. 3, § 45] having expressly vested the power to change the venue in the courts, and specifically declarеs that the district *352 courts have jurisdiction to try all felonies, and the district court of Williamson county having ordered this cause transferred to the district court in Bexar county, and the appellant having made no objection either to the transfer of the cause or the triаl of it, I do not think that the district court of Bexar county was without jurisdiction of the subject-matter so as to render its judgment void.
Not long after Taylor, Judge Morrow spoke for the majority of the Court:
. The precedеnts are numerous to the point that a mistake of the trial judge in exercising his discretion to change the venue does not affect thе jurisdiction of the court to which the transfer is made.
Cotter v. State,
This Court subsequently stated in Johnson, supra:
. The mistake of the trial judge in exercising his discretion to change the venue does nоt affect the jurisdiction of the court to which the transfer is made. Cotter v. State, supra. Under the Constitution, district courts have jurisdiction to try all felonies. Thе district court of Medina county having ordered this cause transferred to the district court of Caldwell county, and appellant having made no objection either to the transfer of the cause or the trial of it, the district court of Caldwell county was not without jurisdiction of the subject-matter so as to render its judgment void. Taylor v. State,81 Tex.Cr.R. 347 ,197 S.W. 196 .
To the same effect see
Seaton v. State,
More recently, in Martin, supra, we stated:
The trial court clearly had jurisdiction over the person of appellant and оver the subject matter of the case. The state’s failure to prove venue did not affect the court’s jurisdiction.
It is apparent from the above that, strictly as a matter of jurisdiction, a district court mаy try any case in which the offense takes place within the State. 2 Of course in a given case venue may not be proper under the provisions of Chapter 13 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. The failure to comply with those provisions, however, does nоt deprive the district court of jurisdiction. Ultimately, whether the provisions of Chapter 13 are enforced depends on whether the defendant asserts his rights under those provisions. We conclude that the trial court in this case had jurisdiction of the cause even if venue were improper.
It is well-established that habeas corpus will lie only to review jurisdictional defects or denials of fundamental or сonstitutional rights.
Ex parte Shields,
Relief is denied.
Notes
. Petitioner asserts in his application that there was no change of venue. However, we are not bound by that assеrtion, and there is nothing in the record concerning the matter. A valid change of venue might have been effected pursuant to Art. 27.15, V.A.C.C.P. or Art. 13.20, V.A.C.C.P. Mоreover, the commission of the offense may have extended over both Taylor and Callahan counties, or appellаnt may have removed the stolen property from one of those counties to the other. In such cas* venue would be proper either in Taylor or Callahan County. See
Hignite v. State,
. For the limitations on the exercise of jurisdiction over conduct occurring in part outside the boundaries of this State, see V.T.C.A. Penal Code, § 1.04.
. Petitioner also appears to assert that the information is fundamentally dеfective. Petitioner argues that because the information recites that the offense was committed in Taylor County rather than Callahan County, it shows on its face that the District Court of Callahan County lacked jurisdiction. See Art. 27.08(4), V.A.C.C.P.; Art. 21.21(5), V.A.C.C.P. This contention is without merit. We just have held *353 that the District Court of Callahan County had jurisdiction even if the offense were committed in Taylor County. Moreover, venue may have been рroper in Callahan County, as we noted at the outset. When an offense may be prosecuted in either of two or more cоunties, the information may allege the offense to have been committed in the county where the prosecution takes place, or the county where the offense actually occurs. Art. 21.06, V.A.C.C.P.; Art. 21.23, V.A.C.C.P.