18 Nev. 74 | Nev. | 1883
At Chambers,
Petitioner, upon a regular hearing had, was adjudged guilty of contempt of court, for disobedience to the decree and injunction in the case of Phillips v. Welch, 11 Nev. 187, in appropriating more water than he was entitled to by said decree. For this contempt he was fined five hundred dollars, and the commitment under which he is held declares that “if said fine be not paid forthwith,” the petitioner is to be “imprisoned in the county jail of Ormsby county * * * for the space of two hundred and fifty days; that is to say, at the rate of one day for each and every sum of two dollars of said fine; and that for each day’s imprisonment under this order defendant have credit
Petitioner claims that this order for his imprisonment is absolutely void, and hence that he is illegally restrained of his liberty.
The statute relating to contempts and punishments, like other statutes relating to proceedings criminal in their nature, is to be strictly construed, and no interpretation should be given beyond its obvious meaning. The section upon which petitioner relies reads as follows: “Incases of contempt the punishment shall be by fine and imprisonment; but no fine shall exceed the sum of five hundred dollars, and no imprisonment shall exceed the period of five days, exceptas provided in section four hundred and sixty-nine.” (Stat. 1869, 267, sec. 473; 1 Comp. Laws, 1534.) The exception referred to has no application to a case like this. This section is identical in its provisions with the statute of 1861. (Stat. 1861, 389, sec. 440.) At common law the power to punish for contempts was unlimited, dependent only upon the discretion of the court imposing the sentence.
Under the statutes of this state, by the section above quoted, the power of courts is limited as to the extent of the punishment. No court or judge can impose a greater fine than five hundred dollars or imprisonment for more than five days (or both such fine and imprisonment), as a punishment, upon any person adjudged guilty of contempt.
In the proceeding against petitioner no imprisonment was imposed as a punishment for the contempt, and the question to be determined, is, whether the provisions of thé criminal practice act, or the act in relation to fines, as to the method of enforcing fines in criminal cases, applies.
The “act in relation to fines” provides, among other things, that the court in entering “a judgment, that the defendant in a criminal case pay a fine, * * * shall by such judgment direct that if the judgment or any part thereof is not paid, the defendant be imprisoned one day for each two dollars of the judgment not paid.” (Stat. 1869, 96; 2 Comp. Laws, 3288.)
These provisions, in my opinion, apply to all criminal cases of every kind and character, not otherwise specifically provided for—to cases of contempt, when criminal, as well as to other misdemeanors. A contempt of the character of which petitioner was found guilty, is in the nature of a criminal offense, and the proceeding for its punishment is in the nature of a criminal proceeding. (Phillips v. Welch, supra; Whittem v. State, 36 Ind. 204; Cartwright’s Case, 114 Mass. 239; Hill v. Crandall, 52 Ill. 73; Williamson’s Case, 26 Penn. St. 19; B. & O. R. Co. v. City of Wheeling, 13 Grat. 57.) The fine imposed, in such a case, is punitive, inflicted as punishments in other criminal cases are inflicted for the public good, in order to secure obedience to lawful authority. The imprisonment is but a mode, which in this state is provided by statute, for the enforcement of the fine. It is incident to the power given to the court to impose the fine, and it cannot be regarded in the light of punishment.
In Ex parte Bollig, the petitioner was convicted of a violation of a city ordinance, before a police magistrate ; was fined twenty-three dollai’s, and ordered to be imprisoned until the fine was paid. It was contended that the imprisonment was a punishment for the offense and that such punishment was prohibited by the constitution. The court, in
* To collect this fine and costs * * * the magistrate, in very many cases, would be powerless without the power to hold the offender until he paid them or was discharged in some other mode. * * * The provision of the constitution was designed to inhibit a justice of -the peace from the trial of any case where imprisonment was denounced by the law as punishment in the first instance of conviction.” (31 Ill. 95.)
In Brock v. State, the defendant was convicted of the offense of playing and betting at cards, and was sentenced to pay a fine of one hundred dollars and costs, and on failure to pay the same, to three months’ imprisonment, unless said fine and costs were sooner paid. The court, in considering the effect of this sentence, said : “ The penalty for the offense of w.hich the defendant was convicted is pecuniary altogether. The court ou imposing the penalty, may enforce its payment by adjudging that the party convicted be committed until the fine and costs are paid. The imprisonment is no part of the penalty imposed, but it is the means, and the legal means of enforcing the judgment of the court.” (22 Ga. 101.)
If the courts have not the power to enforce a fine for contempt in a case like this, they would be powerless to compel obedience to their lawful decrees and judgments—a power which is inherent in all courts. The judiciary would,
In Brown v. People the court said: “The only question in the case is, whether a justice of the peace, who has imposed a fine for a contempt of his court, can imprison the party till the fine and costs are paid. Of this power we have no doubt. Such a power is indispensable to the proper administration of justice in these as well as all other courts. The statute has authorized justices’ courts to impose a fine of five dollars for contempts, and to this extent it may be considered a limitation upon their power to fine for con-tempts, and it may even be held to take away the right to imprison directly for contempts ; but surely, it could never
The statutes of this state expressly provide that a judgment in a criminal case for a fine, imposed as a punishment, may be enforced by imprisonment, and the manner and extent of the imprisonment is specified. The-statute in relation to contempts and their punishments must be construed with reference to these statutes in determining whether the fine can be enforced by imprisonment.
In State v. Myers, the defendant was adjudged guilty of contempt of court in violating an injunction ; was fined thirty-five dollars, and an order was made that he stand committed until the fine be paid. It was there, as here, claimed that the court had no authority under the statute to impose the fine. The court, upon this question, said: “Section 3493 of the Code (relating to contempts) provides that the punishment for contempts by courts of record is limited to a fine of fifty dollars, and imprisonment not exceeding one
Petitioner is remanded into custody.