37 Ala. 362 | Ala. | 1861
Without inquiring whether the giving of the bond by VaDevoort .would .be conclusively presumed, or, if it would not, whether .the failure to give the bond is shown by the evidence, we .dispose of this case by deciding, that .the failure to give the :bond would not render the administration void. The law draws a distinction, between administrations which are void, and those which are repealable, or. revocable. The grant of administration is not void, unless there was a want of jurisdiction to make it. — Miller v. Jones, 26 Ala. 247 ; Gayle & Pitts v. Blackburn, 1 St. 429; Wales v. Willard, 2 Mass. 120. If the court had jurisdiction over the subject-matter of the grant of administration in the absence of a bond, the administration is not void, but simply revocable, or voidable. Jurisdiction-is the power to hear and determine a cause ; and if the court had authority by law to hear and determine upon an application for the administration in the absence of a bond, then the order granting the administration is coram jialice, and not void.— United States v. Arredondo, 6 Peters, 709 ; State of Rhode Island v. State of Massachusetts, 12 Peters, 719; Grignon’s Lessee v. Astor; 2 Howard, 338.
The .giving of- the administration bond is not by the law made a condition, upon. which the court is to hear.and determine upon the matter of an .application for administration. On the contrary, the giving of the bond, by way of qualifying the appointee of the court, must necessarily be posterior to the hearing and determination upon .the application. The language of the law is, “In all •cases, before granting letters of administration, the administrator shall enter into bond,” &c. — Clay’s Digest, 221, § 3. This language clearly implies, that there is to be an administrator; that the court is to act upon the application, and designate
We admit, that it is difficult to reconcile some- of the expressions of the opinion in Cleaveland v. Chandler, (3 St. 489,) with our conclusion. But the real point in that case was, whether an executor could, under our law, as be might have done under the common-daw, execute the trust, without obtaining from the proper court the grant of letters testamentary. What is said by the court as to the necessity of the executor’s qualification, by taking the oath, and giving the-bond prescribed, was produced as an argument, to show that, under our system, it was necessary that an executor should obtain letters testamentary. It may very well be argued, that to allow an executor to act without the grant of letters testamentary, would-practically annul the statute requiring bond and. oath; and that; therefore,, the rule of the common law was changed in this State. But that argument involves no denial of the validity of an-order granting administration without the requisite bond and oath. To allow that decision the effect as an authority which is claimed for it, would give its expressions an effect not in the mind of the court which made them, and altogether foreign to their purpose. In the case of Savage v. Benham, (17 Ala. 119,) the validity of an administration
In the recent case of Gray’s A'dm’rs v. Cruise, (36 Ala. 559,) the appointment of Brewer, unlike the appointment in this case, was conditional. The order was, that he be appointed administrator on his executing and filing bond. The condition not having been complied with, it was held, not that an appointment actually;made was void, but that no appointment was made. Therefore, the question 'decided in that case, -is totally unlike that which ¡arises in this.
Looking to the decisions in other States, we find the proposition, that' an administration, -under such a law as ours, is not absolutely void, well sustained. In Palmer v. Oakley, (2 Douglass’ Mich. Rep.) it is maintained, that a guardianship, .granted to a/me covert, who is incapable of binding herself by- contract, would not be collaterally assailable, notwithstanding the law might require that guardians should execute bonds. — See, also, Russell v. Coffin, 8 Pick. 143. In New York, the statute required that an administrator should, before receiving letters, execute a bond with two or more sureties; yet it was decided in Bloom v. Burdick, (1 Hill, 130,) that an omission in that particular -did not render an administration void; — Dayton on Surrogates, 223; 2 Bradford’s Rep. 22. See, also, Janett v. State, 5 G. & J. 27 ; Ray v. Doughty, 4 Blackf. 115; Westcott v. Cady, 5 Johns. Ch. 335.
The distinction between irregularities, which render a judicial proceeding voidable, and the absence of facts which are made conditions precedent, was long since drawn by this court, and has-been since steadily maintained. — Wyman v. Campbell, 6 Porter, 119; Matheson v. Hearin, 29 Ala.
Motion refused.