29 Ind. 106 | Ind. | 1867
Clifford sued out a writ of habeas corpus on his petition, averring that he is restrained of his liberty in the northern state prison, by the warden thereof; that he was committed for the- term of three years by a judgment of the Montgomery Circuit Court, rendered on the 13th of September, 1862; that the period has long since elapsed; that it is charged that he escaped before the expiration of
The warden answered, that he held Clifford by virtue of a commitment which is set forth in the return, showing that the latter was, by the Montgomery Circuit Court, found guilty of grand larceny, and, on the 13th of September, 1862, sentenced to be imprisoned in the state prison for the term of three years. The return further avers,- that on the 9th of January, 1863, Clifford escaped and remained at large until the 4th of April, 1867; that on that day he was returned (having been re-arrested) to his custody as such warden, and that he holds him by virtue of said commitment.
The petitioner excepted to the sufficiency of the return. The court below overruled the exception, and held that the return was good, and remanded Clifford to prison. The sufficiency of this return presents the- question for our determination.
The statute provides that “every convict confined in the state prison, who shall escape therefrom, upon conviction, shall be imprisoned in the state prison, not exceeding double the length of time for which such escaping convict was originally sentenced, to commence from the expiration of the original term of his or her imprisonment. If any prisoner confined in the state prison shall escape therefrom, he or she may bo retaken, and imprisoned again, notwithstanding the term for which he or she was sentenced to be imprisoned may have expired when he or she shall be retaken, and shall remain so imprisoned until tried for such escape, or until he or she be discharged on a failure to prosecute therefor.” 2 GL & II., §§ 55, 56, p. 454. The
The sections of the statute we have cited are contained in “an act defining felonies and prescribing punishment therefor.”
It did not require legislation to authorize the- recapture of an escaped prisoner, and his confinement until he has served out the full continuous term of his sentence. Eor would we expect, in such an act, any limitation of that right. A new crime is defined and a punishment prescribed. That punishment, however, is fixed, without regard to whether the prisoner escaping was recaptured immediately after his escape, and has served out his full term, or whether he has not been recaptured until the date when his imprisonment would have ended has passed. If, in the latter case, he avoids serving his original term of imprisonment, and is only punished for his escape, as is the prisoner recaptured immediately after his flight, the penalty is unequal and unreasonable and amounts to a premium upon success in avoiding capture.
The intention' of the framers of the law must be the chief guide to the true meaning of the statute. And this is to be gathered “from the occasion and necessity of the
In this act, the declared purpose is to define a felony and prescribe its punishment. "We do not think it was intended to change the common law rule in regard to the capture of escaped felons, but simply to authorize the additional holding, after the sentence of the law has been fulfilled, not evaded, until opportunity is given for a prosecution for the new offense of escape. The word “term,” in the 56th section cited, is used, we think, as the synonym of the word “time.” It is objected that this construction leaves it to the officer in charge of the prison to determine the question of the escape and its date,. but a writ of habeas corpus will secure a judicial examination of this question.
The judgment 'is affirmed, with costs.