22 N.M. 149 | N.M. | 1916
OPINION OP THE COURT.
As the above-numbered causes all involve the same question, they will be considered together. The facts upon which each application for the writ of habeas corpus is based may be briefly stated as follows: Petitioners, in August, 1915, were regularly committed to the county jail in Doña Ana county to await the action of the grand jury of said county, upon a preliminary complaint filed against them before a justice of the peace of said county, charging them with the crime of larceny. In September, 1915, they were each indicted by the grand jury of said county for said alleged offense. In November, 1915, while confined in the county jail of said county, awaiting trial upon said indictment, each of the petitioners escaped from jail. Thereafter they were rearrested and brought to trial upon the original indictments, and each found not guilty. When the verdicts of not guilty were returned against the petitioners, the district judge ordered them held to await the action of the next grand jury upon the charge of prison breach. Thereafter each of said parties was indicted by the grand jury of said county for prison breach. Each filed a plea in abatement to the indictment so returned against him, to which the state demurred. The demurrers were severally overruled, and judgment was entered discharging the petitioners. On the same day, the state applied to the court for an appeal from each of such judgments, which was granted. Thereupon the court ordered the petitioners to execute to the state a bond in the sum of $1,-000 each for their appearance in case the state should prevail upon the appeal, and in default of such bond petitioners were ordered committed to the county jail until such appeal was determined. Petitioners, after alleging the above fact, say they are unable, by reason of poverty, to furnish the bonds required in order to secure their release from custody. They also deny the right of the state to appeal from such judgments, and set forth facts which clearly show their right to the writ in case their contention, that the state cannot appeal from the judgment, be well founded. They also each show a prior application to the district court of Doña Ana county for a writ of habeas corpus, which was denied.
“Sec. 4517. The state shall he allowed an appeal in criminal cases, only in the cases and under the circumstances mentioned in section 4519.”
“See. 4519. When any indictment is quashed or judged insufficient on demurrer, or judgment is arrested, the district court may cause the defendant to he committed or recognized to answer another indictment, or an appeal to the Supreme Court shall he granted, if the prosecuting attorney desire it.”
“In all cases of final judgment rendered upon anv Indictment, an appeal to the Supreme Court shall he allowed if applied for during the term at which said judgment is rendered.”
This section was amended in 1915 so as to read as follows:
• “Appeals shall he allowed from every final judgment rendered in any criminal case if applied for during the term at which said judgment is rendered. Writs of error shall not he granted or allowed in criminal cases, hut such causes shall only he reviewahle upon appeal.”
The amended section enlarged the right of appeal, by a 'defendant, to "every final judgment,” whereas, such right had been theretofore limited to “final judgment rendered upon any indictment.”
If this section be read in connection with the two sections abóte quoted, specifically limiting the state in its right of appeal, it is apparent that it was not intended thereby to enlarge the right of the state to appeal. In Sutherland on Statutory Construction, § 337, it is said:
“Tile effect of an amendment of a section of the law is not to sever it from its relation to other sections of the law, but to give it operation in its new form as if it had been so drawn originally, treating the whole act as an harmonious entirety, with its several sections and parts mu tually acting upon each other.”
Accepting the aboye as the correct standard of interpretation, the language of the amended section is limited and restricted by section 4-517, Code 1915, which specifically limits and prescribes the right of the state to take an appeal. Such being the case, it necessarily follows that there in no statutory authority authorizing an appeal by the state from a judgment sustaining a plea in abatement to an indictment. That such right was not granted by section 3, art. 6, of the Constitution, was settled' by the case of State v. Chacon, 19 N. M. 456, 145 Pac. 125.
The state haying no right to appeal from the judgment sustaining the plea in abatement to the indictment, it follows that the petitioners are being unlawfully restrained of -their liberty, and the application will be granted in each case, and petitioners will be discharged, and it is so- ordered.
