101 P. 441 | Cal. | 1909
At the time of the issuance of the writ herein, the petitioner was in custody under a judgment pronounced upon his conviction of a violation of the provisions of an ordinance of the town of Santa Monica, adopted November 19, 1900. His claim was that the ordinance is void. His application was pending unsubmitted at the time of the fire of April 18-20, 1906, and the record was destroyed. It is only within the last few weeks that the record has been restored, and the matter submitted for decision.
The ordinance in question is as follows:
"Ordinance 346. An ordinance regulating seining in certain portions of the town of Santa Monica.
"The board of trustees of the town of Santa Monica do ordain as follows: —
"Section 1. It shall be and is hereby made unlawful for any person to set, draw or use any fishing net or seine in the Pacific Ocean at any point or place within said town less than one thousand feet from any wharf, dock or pier located in said town.
"Section 2. Any person violating section 1 of this ordinance shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction by any court of competent jurisdiction, shall be *474 fined in a sum not exceeding fifty dollars, or be imprisoned in the town jail, for not more than thirty days, or both, at the discretion of the trial court."
We think it is manifest from the terms of the ordinance that it was in no sense designed for the preservation and protection of fish for the benefit of the people of the state, as are the laws enacted by the state legislature in that behalf to be found in title XV of the Penal Code, and it will therefore be unnecessary to consider the claim that a municipality in the exercise of the police power may enact such regulations for the protection of wild game within its borders as may not be in conflict with general laws of the state. We do not desire to be understood, however, as suggesting that a municipality has any such power.
It is unnecessary to decide this point, for such manifestly was not the purpose of the ordinance. The prohibition against the use of fishing nets and seines extends only to places "less than one thousand feet from any wharf, dock or pier located in said town." The presence of a wharf, dock, or pier is the material thing, and it was clearly the sole object of the ordinance to protect and add to the piscatorial advantages of the wharves, docks, and piers in the town.
The ordinance conveys the idea that the object was to make such wharves, etc., advantageous for fishing with hook and line, the idea being that more fish could be thus taken by those fishing therefrom if seining and netting were prohibited within a thousand feet. If this was the object of the ordinance, and it appears clear to us that this is the only object that can reasonably be inferred from the language used, it was clearly beyond the power of the town to enact. Nothing is better settled than the doctrine that the ownership of wild game, not reduced to actual possession by private parties, of which the fish in our waters constitute a part, is in the people of the state in their collective sovereign capacity. (People v. Truckee etc. Co.,
It is said that there is nothing before this court to show that it is not a necessary provision "for the proper conduct of traffic upon and about the wharves, that seining should be excluded within the limit provided by the ordinance." Except *476 in so far as it might operate to reduce the number of fish available to those fishing from the wharves, a matter entirely beyond the control of the town, learned counsel has not suggested, and it is impossible to conceive, how the acts prohibited by the ordinance could impede in the slightest degree anything that it was desired to do on the wharves. The only other theory that has occurred to us upon which it might be claimed that the ordinance was a valid exercise of power on the part of the trustees of the town was that it was in aid of navigation in the vicinity of the wharves, docks, and piers, and to enable vessels to conveniently and safely reach the same. This claim, however, is not made, and manifestly the ordinance was not designed for any such purpose. The absolute prohibition of any use of any kind of fishing-net or seine within a thousand feet of each and all of the wharves, docks, and piers in the town of Santa Monica could not have been considered essential to easy and convenient access thereto by vessels. While the common right of fishery in any public water must give way to the right of navigation so far as is necessary for the fair, useful, and legitimate exercise of the latter right, it cannot be unnecessarily and unreasonably impeded thereby. (Farnham on Waters and Water-Rights, sections 33a and 393.) We can see no ground upon which the ordinance in question can be sustained. It is an interference with the common right of fishery not warranted in the lawful exercise of the police power.
It is ordered that the petitioner be discharged from custody.
Shaw, J., Sloss, J., Henshaw, J., Melvin, J., and Lorigan, J., concurred.