322 Mass. 398 | Mass. | 1948
In these three actions of tort for the conversion of fourteen bowling alleys
The first tenant of the building was the Majestic Company, of which the “owner” was one Delano. By a bill of sale dated February 10, 1937, Delano sold to one Durkin “all personal property belonging to me and constituting the Essex Bowling Alleys located in building numbered 48 Essex Street . . . including . . . fourteen alleys and equipment ” and certain enumerated articles. The bill of sale purported to be from the law office of William J. Bradley and to be witnessed by him. There was evidence tending to show that he personally had prepared the bill of sale and had signed as a witness to it, and that he was the same William J. Bradley who was one of the owners of the real estate, subject to the mortgage to the Essex Company.
There was evidence that the Essex Company was in possession of the real estate beginning in June, 1942; that thereafter the Essex Company collected rent from Durkin until September, 1944, and “then” from one Salvatore Zappala; and that the alleys were sold by Durkin to Zappala by a bill of sale dated August 21, 1944. On September 27, 1944, the Essex Company received the rent for that month from Zappala and gave him a receipt. The plaintiff Essex Bowling Company, Inc., was incorporated under the laws of this Commonwealth on October 18, 1944, the incor-porators being Salvatore Zappala, Grace Zappala, Mary Barberio, and Michael T. Stella.
Michael T. Stella, Esquire, testified that in 1944 he represented Salvatore Zappala and the plaintiff; that he formed the corporation and obtained the charter; that he represented Zappala in the purchase of the alleys from Dur-
Zappala testified that he was president, treasurer, a director, and an incorporator of the plaintiff; that the bill of sale from Durkin had been in his possession; that when Durkin spoke to him about selling the alleys, they went to Mr. Stella and completed the sale; that the witness “purchased them for a prospective corporation”; that in the conversation with Andrew the latter said, “Of course you know the alleys are ours”; that the witness said, “Oh no, the alleys are mine,” and that he had recently bought them; that Andrew said that the witness had bought nothing; that in the conversation with Mr. Eaton the latter said that he could have the alleys provided he put in a floor; that the witness refused to put in a floor and claimed the alleys; that he was told he could not take out the alleys unless he agreed to put in a floor; that he was then notified to move out by June; that subsequently Mr. Eaton wanted a bond of $1,500 “to guarantee” that the witness would put in a
Andrew testified that he was treasurer of the Argyle company; that his brother and he were the principal stockholders; that he was one of two in charge of the company’s property; that he negotiated the sale to “the Bonacorsis”; that he talked with Zappala and Mr. Stella; that Zappala stated that he had acquired the alleys; that he told Zappala that the latter had been foolish to buy the alleys as they belonged to the witness and not to the man who sold them; that the alleys belonged to the Argyle company; that he later told Zappala he could not stay; that, so far as the alleys were concerned, the Argyle company was interested only in having a proper floor; that Mr. Eaton was counsel for the Argyle company and also for the Essex Company; that he asked Mr. Eaton whether the Essex Company “claimed” that the alleys belonged tout, and was told that the Essex Company did not “claim” the alleys; that on October 30, 1944, the Argyle company entered into a contract for the sale of the building including the alleys; that later a deed was given to “the Bonacorsis,” and the witness assumed that the deed included the alleys; that at some time in the negotiation with “the Bonacorsis” the question of title to the alleys was raised; and that the witness talked with his lawyer, who told him that the alleys were part of the building, and that if the witness conveyed the real estate, he thereby would convey the alleys to “Mr. Bonacorsi.”
Joseph Bonacorsi testified that he was one of the sons of Frank Bonacorsi and one of the latter’s executors; that his mother was Grazia Bonacorsi and the other defendants in the third case at bar were his brother and sisters; that his father left all his property to his widow and children; that
Dominic Bonacorsi testified that his brother and he acted for his father in the purchase of the real estate; that Andrew told him the alleys went with the building and put it in the agreement; that his father after a talk between the witness and Zappala brought a bill in equity to prevent Zappala from touching the alleys; and that “the alleys are still in the premises in modified form, that is, they are flooring now.”
In the bill in equity, which was filed January 13, 1945, Frank Bonacorsi was the plaintiff and Zappala the defendant. On January 22, 1945, Essex Bowling Company, Inc., the plaintiff in the present cases, was substituted as party defendant, and later filed an answer. Apparently the last step in the suit was the filing of a stipulation in which Essex Bowling Company, Inc., agreed not to remove the alleys without court order.
1. At the outset there is the question of the plaintiff’s right to sue, which, however, does not arise in the second and third cases at bar, because in them it was agreed at the pre-trial hearing that no question was “to be raised as
2. The next question is whether the alleys could have been found to be personal property. We think that the evidence warranted such a finding. The architect and engineer employed by the Bradleys for the erection of the building testified that the building was constructed so that it could be used for a store, dance hall, skating rink, bowling alley, or “any other purpose”; that the plans called for a building “aside from the alleys”; that on top of a spruce flooring there was furring so that “if alleys were going in, it would be furred up so that the surrounding floor would come flush with the alleys”; that he left spacing for the seven pairs of alleys to fit into and constructed his own finish flooring around the alleys; that there were variations in the plans so that if the building was to be used as a store, all one had to do was remove the furring, go back to the original lining floor, and place “finish floor” on that over the entire area; and that this could be done without any destruction to the building.
A salesman for the Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company, which had sold the alleys to the first tenant in 1916, testified that he knew how alleys are constructed and was familiar with those in question; that “there are no different types of alleys,” but the foundations are different; that all Brunswick alleys are constructed alike, and are stock alleys; that the alleys in question are stock alleys; that their foundation is a cross-crib foundation; that a cross-crib foundation is “made by setting 2 x 4’s on edge
On the foregoing evidence it was for the jury to say whether the alleys were personal property. Commercial Credit Corp. v. Commonwealth Mortgage & Loan Co. Inc. 276 Mass. 335, 338. Nadien v. Bazata, 303 Mass. 496, 499, and cases cited. General Heat & Appliance Co. v. Goodwin,
3. We proceed to the next point, which is whether there was evidence warranting a finding of a conversion in any of the cases.
In the third case at bar, the defendants Bonacorsi, who acquired title through the death of Frank Bonacorsi, it could have been found, evicted the plaintiff from the building, where, the gutters having been removed, the alleys were used as flooring at the time of the trial. It also could have been found that these defendants prevented the plaintiff from removing the alleys, claiming them as their own. This was ample to warrant the conclusion that these defendants excluded the plaintiff from the possession of the alleys and exercised a control over them inconsistent with the plaintiff’s right. Jean v. Cawley, 218 Mass. 271, 277-278. Jackson v. Innes, 231 Mass. 558. Lawyers Mortgage Investment Corp. of Boston v. Paramount Laundries Inc. 287 Mass. 357, 360. Ceguzis v. Brockton Standard Shoe Co. 291 Mass. 368, 370-371. Brown v. General Trading Co. 310 Mass. 263, 268-269. See Edgerly v. Whalan, 106 Mass. 307, 308.
The cases against the defendants in the first and second cases stand on a different footing. The plaintiff’s possession continued until its eviction, and suffered no interruption as a result merely of the acts of the Argyle company and of Frank Bonacorsi, neither of whom was ever in possession. A finding of a conversion would not have been warranted against them. Forth v. Pursley, 82 Ill. 152, 155. Davis v. Buffum, 51 Maine, 160. Western Maryland Dairy, Inc. v. Maryland Wrecking & Equipment Co. 146 Md. 318, 329. Heighes v. Dollarville Lumber Co. 113 Mich. 518. Burnside v. Twitchell, 43 N. H. 390, 392. Williams v. Fethers, 115 Wis. 314, 317. See Wilson v. Cummings, 4 Misc. (N. Y.) 429. In Stone v. Livingston, 222 Mass. 192, it does not clearly appear that the defendant sold
4. Certain questions of evidence, which might arise at a new trial, remain for consideration.
The judge excluded a certified copy of the records of the city clerk of Lawrence of a mortgage of personal property, dated December 6, 1916, covering the alleys in question, given to Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company by the Majestic Company, the first tenant of the premises and the original purchaser of the alleys, which caused them to be put into position in the beginning. “In cases of this kind every fact and circumstance should be considered which tends to show what intention, in reference to the relation of the . . . [article] to the real estate, is properly imputable to him who put it in position.” Hopewell Mills v. Taunton Savings Bank, 150 Mass. 519, 522, where it was also said, “It is an intention which settles, not merely his own rights, but the rights of others who have or who may acquire interests in the property.” The copy of the recorded mortgage was admissible to show that intention. Wentworth v. S. A. Woods Machine Co. 163 Mass. 28, 33. Jennings v. Vahey, 183 Mass. 47, 49. Smith v. Bay State Savings Bank, 202 Mass. 482, 487. Stone v. Livingston, 222 Mass. 192, 195-196. Noyes v. Gagnon, 225 Mass. 580. See Maguire v. Park, 140 Mass. 21; Medford Trust Co. v. Priggen Steel Garage Co. 273 Mass. 349, 354; Walker Dishwasher Corp. v. Medford Trust Co. 279 Mass. 33, 35; Titcomb v. Carroll, 287 Mass. 131, 137. It also was error to exclude a personal property mortgage covering the alleys dated February 10, 1937, from Durkin to Delano and another. While this could not have changed the nature of the alleys if they had already become realty, it was some evidence of the intention of the original owner to the contrary. Titcomb v. Carroll, 287 Mass. 131, 137. This is not a case of a prior nonassenting mortgagee, as the Essex Company never claimed the alleys. See Hannah v. Frawley, 285 Mass. 28, 30.
The bill of sale, dated August 21, 1944, from Durkin, in which the name of the grantee was omitted in the circumstances testified to by Zappala and Mr. Stella, should have
The other questions of evidence we do not consider, as it does not seem likely that they will arise at another trial.
' 5. It follows that in the action against the Argyle Realty Corporation and in the action against Dominic Bonacorsi and Joseph Bonacorsi, executors under the will of Francesco Bonacorsi, the exceptions are overruled, but that in the action against Grazia Bonacorsi, Ida Bonacorsi, Dominic Bonacorsi, Joseph Bonacorsi, Sarah Giglio, and Nancy Bonacorsi, the exceptions are sustained.
So ordered.
The declarations also alleged the conversion of an oil burner and certain signs, but the plaintiff has made no argument respecting those allegations, and we treat them as waived.