144 F.2d 638 | 9th Cir. | 1944
Lead Opinion
This is an appeal from an order denying a petition for writ of habeas corpus addressed to the appellee United States Marshal, alleged to have appellant in his custody, and holding that no writ issue thereon.
The petition alleges that appellant has been indicted for failure to report for induction into the armed forces of the United States as ordered by local Selective Service Board, hereinafter called the Board.
The petition further alleges that thereafter, and without notice to the appellant, and without having any different evidence or information concerning the appellant, and arbitrarily and capriciously, the Board reclassified appellant on March 20, 1942, in Class I-A and subject to the Board’s orders.
It is further alleged that a hearing thereafter was had by the Board at which further uncontradicted evidence was produced showing appellant’s status as such minister of religion. Thereafter on April 6, 1942, the Board ordered continued the I-A classification. On April 9, 1942, appellant appealed from the Board’s classification, which appeal was rejected by the Board of Appeals on September 19, 1942, and the I-A classification continued. Appellant claims that he has exhausted all of the administrative remedies available to him under the Act. Thereafter, on November 27, 1942, pursuant to the order of classification into I-A, the Board ordered the appellant to report for induction into the United States Army on December 7, 1942. Disobedience of that order was followed by the indictment and arrest of appellant by the United States Marshal.
The petition contends that appellant’s imprisonment is (1) illegal and in violation of the provisions of the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940, and the Rules, Regulations, and Orders thereunder; (2) illegal by virtue of arbitrary, discriminatory, unfair, capricious enforcement and administration of said Act; and (3) illegal in that it deprives the appellant of due process of law as guaranteed by the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution.
Similar alleged error in the action of the Board was held not available as a defense in a criminal prosecution for failure to perform a Board’s order to report for induction into the armed forces in Falbo v. United States, 320 U.S. 549, 64 S.Ct. 346. Appellant seeks to distinguish the Falbo decision on the ground that in the instant case direct relief is sought in this habeas corpus, proceeding before trial under the indictment. While there is such a difference between the two cases, we are of the opinion that the ratio decidendi of Falbo v. United States controls here. On pages. 553-554 of 320 U.S., 64 S.Ct. on page 348, of the Falbo opinion the Court says:
“Only after he has exhausted this procedure is a protesting registrant ordered to report for service. If he has been classified for military service, his local board orders him to report for induction into the armed forces. * * *
“The circumstances under which the Act was adopted lend no support to a view which would allow litigious interruption of the process of selection which Congress created. To meet the need which it felt for mobilizing national manpower in the shortest practicable period, Congress established a machinery which it deemed efficient for inducting great numbers of men into the armed forces. Careful provision was made for fair administration of the Act’s policies within the framework of the selective service process. But Congress apparently regarded ‘a prompt and unhesitating obedience to orders’ issued in that process ‘indispensable to the complete attainment of the object’' of national defense. Martin v. Mott, 12 Wheat. 19, 30, 25 U.S. 19, 30, 6 L.Ed. 537. Surely if Congress had intended to authorize interference with that process by intermediate challenges of orders to report, it would have said so.”
Since the Falbo case, the case of Billings v. Truesdell, 321 U.S. 542, 557, 64
The Board so ordered Enge and the same regulations were controlling. Enge has not even reported to the station.
The order is affirmed.
Because of similar cases crowding the calendars below, we have considered the disposition of the issues here raised by the summary process of the habeas corpus proceeding as within the exceptional eircumstances referred to in Jones v. Perkins, 245 U.S. 390, 391, 38 S.Ct. 166, 62 L.Ed. 358, and Johnson v. Hoy, 227 U.S. 245, 33 S.Ct. 240, 57 L.Ed. 497. Cf. Ex parte Catanzaro, 3 Cir., 138 F.2d 100, certiorari de
Concurrence Opinion
(concurring in the result).
In the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of California, appellant was indicted for violating § 11 of the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940, 50 U.S.C.A.Appendix, § 311. There, upon, on a bench warrant regularly issued, appellant was taken into custody in the Southern District of California by the Marshal thereof and immediately sought release from such custody by petitioning the District Court — the court in which the indictment was pending — for a writ of habeas corpus. This appeal is from an order denying his petition.
The order should be affirmed upon the authority of Riggins v. United States, 199 U.S. 547, 26 S.Ct. 147, 50 L.Ed. 303; Johnson v. Hoy, 227 U.S. 245, 33 S.Ct. 240, 57 L.Ed. 497; Jones v. Perkins, 245 U.S. 390, 38 S.Ct. 166, 62 L.Ed. 358. See, also, Ex parte Royall, 117 U.S. 241, 6 S.Ct. 734, 29 L.Ed. 868; In re Lancaster, 137 U.S. 393, 11 S.Ct. 117, 34 L.Ed. 713; In re Chapman, 156 U.S. 211, 15 S.Ct. 331, 39 L.Ed. 401; Glasgow v. Moyer, 225 U.S. 420, 42 S.Ct. 753, 56 L.Ed. 1147.
The questions discussed by my associates (Judges Denman and Stephens) need not and, I think, should not be considered.