173 Mass. 136 | Mass. | 1899
The accident in this case occurred on May 7, 1895, at about half past eight o’clock in the evening. The
The plaintiff’s intestate lived on the northerly side of the crossing, but on the evening in question he had been attending a meeting at a building about two hundred and eighty feet southerly of the crossing; and he was on his way home when the accident occurred. He went along Holland Street, crossed the inward track, and was upon the outward track when he was struck and killed by the locomotive engine of an outward bound freight train.
At the time of the accident there were no gates at the crossing, but it was guarded by a man on the north side of the crossing, who was swinging a lantern as the freight train approached. There had been gates at the crossing on each side of the roadbed, which, with gates at another crossing, one hundred and forty feet easterly of Holland Street, were operated by a man stationed about midway between the two streets. In consequence of a petition presented to the board of aldermen of Somerville for better security at these crossings, the defendant agreed to change the method of operating the gates; and, in pursuance of this agreement, two or three days before the accident, the gates were removed from the crossing at Holland Street, and from that time down to and including the time of the accident the crossing was guarded by a man using a flag by day and a lantern by night. The iron work of the gates was in position at the time of the accident, but the gates were not in place.
The plaintiff had lived in Somerville for a number of years, and was familiar with the crossing and its surroundings as they were before the gates were removed. He did business in Boston, and from where he lived it was necessary for him, in order to get to the post-office or to Boston, either over the railroad or on
The head-light on the locomotive engine was burning at the time of the accident. The evidence for the plaintiff on the question whether or not the bell was ringing when the train approached is rather indefinite, but we incline to the opinion, and shall assume for the purposes of the ease, that there was some evidence for the jury that the bell did not ring as the train approached the crossing.
As to the conduct of the intestate just before the accident, there is evidence from two witnesses. One, who was on the other side of the crossing, testified that he saw the intestate just as he stepped on the outer track, and that he tried to jump back. The other witness, a woman, who was coming down the inward track from the west, testified that she saw him cross the first track; that she expected to see. him stop, but he kept on ; that “ he stepped in front of the train. It was a few feet from him, and he stepped in the middle of the track. Just then the train whistled, and he looked up quick and took a step back; and he was too late.” She further testified that the intestate was walking at a very moderate rate, with his shoulders slightly stooped. It' also appeared that the distance between the point fifteen feet southerly of the nearest rail of the inward bound track and the southerly rail of the outward bound track was at least twenty-eight feet. It therefore appears that, if the intestate had at any time looked up, he could not have failed to see the approaching train, as there was no obstruction in the way for the distance of a mile.
On this evidence it is clear that the intestate was not “ in the exercise of due diligence,” which is required by § 212, and cannot maintain an action on the first count. Tyler v. Old Colony Railroad, 157 Mass. 336, and cases cited. Livermore v. Fitchburg Railroad, 163 Mass. 132. Sprow v. Boston & Albany Railroad, 163 Mass. 330.
The principal difficulty in the case arises under the second count. Section 213 requires it to be shown ” that, in addition to a mere want of ordinary care, the person injured “ was at the time of the collision guilty of gross or wilful negligence, or was acting in violation of the law, and that such gross or wilful negligence or unlawful act contributed to the injury.”
The statute clearly contemplates that a person who is injured or killed at a crossing of a highway at grade may be guilty of gross negligence, even though the whistle of the locomotive was not sounded or the bell rung as prescribed in the Pub. Sts. c. 112, § 163; and in the case of Debbins v. Old Colony Railroad, ubi sufra, the locomotive engine had no head-light, and the bell was not rung, yet the plaintiff was held guilty of gross negligence and was not allowed to recover.
In the case at bar there was no invitation to cross, as in Bayley v. Easter Railroad, 125 Mass. 62, Doyle v. Boston & Albany Railroad, 145 Mass. 386, Johanson v. Boston & Maine Railroad, 153 Mass. 57, and Clark v. Boston & Maine Railroad, 164 Mass. 434. On the other hand, the guard at the crossing was swinging a lantern, giving warning of danger.
Nor can it be said that the intestate, while in a place of safety, was frightened by the unexpected approach of the train, and attempted to cross the track, as in Copley v. New Haven & North
We find nothing in the attendant circumstances which prevents us from saying, as matter of law, that the intestate was guilty of gross negligence which contributed to his injury.
Exceptions overruled.