12 Mass. 237 | Mass. | 1815
Several objections have been made to the verdict in this case, which we will consider in the order in which they have been presented.
* First, it is said the note offered to the jury, and ad- [ * 240 ] milled by the judge, purports, on the face of it, to be the note of Frink Roberts, and so will not support the declaration.
But there is no color for this objection. The form of words is usual, when one person intends to sign for another ; and the words, “ for the Providence Hat Manufacturing Company,” prefixed to Roberts’s name, must be considered as idle, and should be rejected, unless they designate the character.in which he gave his signature.
It is objected, also, that the note was permitted to go to the jury, before it was proved to have been made under an authority from those it purports to bind.
The next question respects the competency of Roberts, whose testimony was received on the trial, and is essential to the support of the verdict.
He can be objected to solely on the ground of interest; for, considering him in the light of an agent, he may testify in that character, and he is not so connected with the note as to be inadmissible on the grounds stated in the cases of Fenn & al. vs. Harrison & al.,
These preliminary questions being thus disposed of, we come to the principal point in the cause; which was ably argued by the counsel on both sides. The first question is, whether the note declared on can, from the evidence in the case, be considered as the note of the persons who have associated under the name of “ The Providence Hat Manufacturing Company.” It is obvious, that, to give it this character, an authority from the company must be proved to have been in Roberts, who undertook thus to charge them. No direct authority has been proved, but it has been insisted that Bujfum, viewed either as agent of the company, or as one of the associates to whom
We are not satisfied that the plaintiffs are correct in the ground thus taken. If Buffum is to be viewed as an agent deriving his authority from the choice of the company, his power must be considered to be limited by the terms of his appointment; and, although the general administration of the affairs of the company were intrusted to him, we see no power given him to appoint sub-agents. Nor can such power be implied, for a confidence is supposed to exist between principal and agent, which is not communicated to sub-agents, * selected and appointed only by the agent.
There are cases, where an authority to make simple contracts of a mercantile nature for another may be implied from a previous permission to do the same acts, or an acknowledgment of them after they are made. But this point cannot be raised in the present case, there being no instance proved of any other note having been given by Roberts; and the circumstances in evidence, from which the knowledge of the company may be inferred, that Roberts was holding himself up to the community as their agent, proving nothing more than that they, knew he was buying and selling for them. Upon these considerations, we are of opinion that the case does not show com: petent authority in Roberts to make the note for the company, with which they are charged in the declaration.
But there is another view of the case, applicable to the count on indebitatus assumpsit for goods sold and delivered, which it is necessary to consider. If the goods have been sold and delivered to the company by the plaintiffs, through the instrumentality of Roberts, they must be held to pay for them, unless they have been discharged by some act of the plaintiffs themselves, with intent to discharge, or unless such be the legal effect of the transaction with Roberts.
Roberts was ostensibly the agent of the company for purchasing furs. He advertised himself as such by the sign over his shop-door, intended to invite customers in to trade with him in that capacity. This had remained long enough to raise a violent presumption, that many out of an hundred joint traders, being within forty miles of this town, between which and the place of their residence there was a constant intercourse of business, knew that Roberts assumed to act as their agent. Buffum, the managing partner, knew and permitted this act of notoriety. Besides which, the books of Buffum, [ * 244] kept for the inspection of the principal * officers of the company, contained evidence that Roberts was considered an agent. The plaintiffs sold the goods, not to him personally, but to the company, as is proved by the note, which, although not binding on the company, is good evidence for other purposes to establish the plaintiffs’ claim. The goods were also bought for the cony
Now under these circumstances we think there could be no question, if no note had been given, that a count on indebitatus assumpsit would have been well maintained. The transaction would come fairly within the authority of Buffum to Roberts, to buy and sell for the company ; and that authority appears to be under no restriction, which would confine it to buying without credit. At any rate, Roberts appears to have been held out to the world as general agent of the company in this particular business ; and it is just and equitable, as well as legal, that they should suffer from his insolvency, rather than innocent persons, who dealt with him on the faith of his agency. Between individuals a case of this kind would admit of no doubt; and this company can claim no exemption from the common liabilities of a trading company, on account of the number of the associates, or the formality with which they conducted their concerns.
The only question remaining seems, then, to be, whether the taking of the note, in the form in which it was given, extinguished the implied promise which resulted from selling the goods.
• Nowj although a negotiable promissory note, by the common law of this State, is holden to be a discharge of a simple contract, on which it may be founded;
Judgment according to the verdict.
Long vs Colburn, 11 Mass. Rep. 97, and note to 2d ed.—Mechanics Bank vs. Bank, of Columbia, 5 Wheat. 326. — Hall vs. Smith, 1 B. & C. 407. — 2 D.& R. 584.—Lord Galway vs Mathew, 1 Campb 403. — Clark vs. Blackstock, Holt, 474 —March vs. Ward, 1 Peake, 131. —Wilks vs. Bach, 2 East, 142 —Mott vs. Hicks, 1 Cowen, 513. — Epis Soc. Dedham, 1 Pick. 372.
3 D. & E. 757.
5 D. & E. 578.
A delegated authority can only be executed by the person to whom it was given. 2 M. & S. 299.—1 Rolle, Abr. 330. — 9 Co. 476 —2 Rolle. Abr. 9.-9 Ves. 251-256.— Co Lit 112, C , 181. C. —1 Rolle, 329 —4 Campb 184. —6 Taunt. 197.
Collyer on Partnership, 652. — Ducaney vs. Gill, 1 M. & M. 450.— 4 C. & P. 120 — Dixon vs. Valpy, 10 B. & C. 128.
The general principle is, that the vendor shall have his remedy against the principal whenever he is disclosed, although unknown at the time of the sale. Thompson vs. Davenport, 9 B. C. 79. — Hornby vs. Lacy, 6 M. & S 166. — Morris vs. Cleasbey, 4 M. & S. 574. — Horsfall vs. Fontleroy, 10 B. C. 755.
Vide note to Chapman vs. Durant, 10 Mass. Rep. 47. And note to Tudor vs. Whiting, ante, 212.
Ducaney vs. Gill, 1 M. & M. 451.—4 C. & P. 121. — Robinson vs. Read, 9 B & C. 449. — Johnson vs. Johnson, 11 Mass. Rep. 359.