Lead Opinion
While the plaintiffs were riding as guests of the defendant in the city of Ann Arbor on *552 the night of November - 30, 1932, the automobile drivеn by him left the highway at a street intersection and struck a tree. They were both injured, and brought separatе actions against the defendant to recover the damages occasioned thereby. The cases were tried together before the court without a jury, and resulted in judgments for the defendant, from which the plaintiffs have taken an appeal, and, by stipulation, but one record is used therefor.
The judgments wеre entered on motion of the defendant at the conclusion of plaintiffs’ proofs. The errors hеre relied on are the entry of the judgments for the defendant and the denial of plaintiffs’ motions for a new trial on the ground that the judgments were against the great weight of the evidence.
The plaintiffs were students, аnd the defendant an instructor, at the University of Michigan. There is little dispute in the evidence, although the testimony of the defendant, who was cross-examined by plaintiffs’ counsel, differs somewhat from that of the plaintiffs and their witnesses.
The plaintiffs and the ■ defendant and Sidney Voletsky were together during the evening of November 30, 1932, аnd about 11 o’clock they all agreed to go downtown, or to the campus, to get something to eаt. Defendant volunteered the use of his car, a Chevrolet coupe, and they all got into it, he and Elоwitz and Voletsky sitting in the seat and Lawrence on Voletsky’s lap. Soon after they started, defendant suggestеd “Let’s all go for a ride now,” and no objection was made thereto. The three passengers testified that at times he drove at an immoderate rate of speed, particularly when turning corners, and thаt one of them, asked him to return to the campus, and that he was also told “to slow down and watch his driving.” They finаlly *553 came to a short street about one mile in length, known as “Cedar Bend Drive.” It terminated at Wall street, whiсh is 40 feet in width and paved with asphalt. The defendant testified that as they came down the Drive he knew they wеre approaching a curve, but reached it sooner than he expected; that as soon as he saw it he applied the brakes, and that, had it not been for a spot of ice or gravel at the corner, his “guess” was that he would have made the turn in perfect safety, but that “the car slewed aсross the road and launched over the curb and hit a tree.” He was himself injured in the collision. He also tеstified that his brakes were in “extremely good working order,” and that he had had no trouble in making the many other turns while they were driving; that he at all times felt that he had his car under control, and that he was operating it in a mаnner that he felt was safe to his passengers and himself. His car was practically new, and he was doubtless anxious to display his skill as a driver and his perfect control over it.
The question presented is tersely stated by plaintiffs’ counsel:
“Was the accident caused by the wilful and wanton misconduct of defendant in the operation of his automobile?”
This is in accord with our holding as to liability in
Finkler
v.
Zimmer,
If we eliminate the testimony of the defendant that ice or gravel caused his car to skid, of which there is dispute, the proximate cause оf the accident was the failure of defendant to see the curve at Wall street in time to have slowed down to safely make the turn. But, as was said in
Van Blaircum
v.
Campbell,
“Perhaps he was not as watchful as he should have been. * * * This mere failure, or inadvertence, or lack of care is, at most, ordinary negligence, so-called. ’ ’
In
Bobich
v.
Rogers,
“Whether a turn of the road can be made with reasonable safety at any particular speed depends, of course, upon the character and condition of the road and the skill of the driver. We cannot draw a line beyond which mere speed in making a turn departs from negligence and becomes wilful and wanton misсonduct.”
In our opinion the judgments for the defendant were properly entered, and they are hereby affirmed.
Dissenting Opinion
(dissenting). The defendant was driving at an excеssive rate of speed while turning corners and curves. His passengers protested *555 and requested him “to slоw down and watch his driving.” If he had heeded their protests the accident would not have occurred. His failurе to moderate the speed after being warned of the danger was wanton and wilful misconduct, constituting grоss negligence within the meaning of the statute (1 Comp. Laws 1929, § 4648).
The judgment should be reversed and a new trial granted, with costs to the plaintiffs.