Ellis C. Smith v. R. James Nicholson
19 Vet. App. 63
Vet. App.
2005
Check Treatment
Docket

Ellis C. SMITH, Appellant, v. R. James NICHOLSON, Secretary of Veterans Affairs, Appellee.

No. 01-623.

United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims.

Argued Feb. 17, 2005. Decided April 5, 2005.

Ronald L. Smith, with whom Landen E. Overby and J. Marc Burgess (nonattorney practitioners), all of Washington, D.C., were on the brief, for the appellant.

John D. McNamee, with whom Tim S. McClain, General Counsel; R. Randall Campbell, Assistant General Counsel; and Brian B. Rippel, Deputy Assistant General Counsel, all of Washington, D.C., were on the brief, for the appellee.

Before IVERS, Chief Judge, and STEINBERG and KASOLD, Judges.

STEINBERG, Judge, filed the opinion of the Court. IVERS, Chief Judge, filed an opinion concurring in part and dissenting in part.

STEINBERG, Judge:

Veteran Ellis Smith (the appellant), through counsel, seeks review of a December 12, 2000, decision of the Board of Veterans Appeals (BVA or Board) that, inter alia, granted a Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) disability rating of 10% (but no higher) effective from June 10, 1999, for his service-connected tinnitus pursuant to 38 C.F.R. § 4.87, Diagnostic Code (DC) 6260, but denied a compensable rating prior to that date. Record (R.) at 3; see 38 C.F.R. § 4.87, DC 6260 (1999 & 2000). (Tinnitus is a noise in the ears, such as ringing, buzzing, roaring or clicking. DORLANDS ILLUSTRATED MEDICAL DICTIONARY (DORLANDS) 1714 (28th ed.1994).)

The parties each filed briefs, and the appellant filed a reply brief. (As discussed below, this appeal has already been the subject of a June 23, 2003, decision by this Court,

(per curiam order) (Smith I), which was reversed, and the matter was remanded, by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (Federal Circuit),
(Smith II).) Thereafter, the Court ordered additional briefing from the parties, both parties filed responses, and the Court then heard oral argument in the case. At oral argument, the Court ordered further supplemental briefing on the issue of reversal regarding an earlier effective date, which had not been addressed by the parties. For the reasons set forth below, the Court will vacate the December 2000 BVA decision in part, reverse it in part, and remand the matters for proceedings consistent with this opinion.

I. Relevant Background

The veteran had active service in the U.S. Army from March 1966 to March 1969, including service in the Republic of Viet Nam (R. at 21) where he reportedly was exposed to artillery fire. R. at 141. In 1994, he filed a claim with a VA regional office (RO) for service connection for, inter alia, bilateral hearing loss. R. at 69. Several VA audiological examinations were conducted in order to assess his claim. R. at 88, 101, 142, 244-45. A report from an April 1995 VA audiological examination, although inconclusive as to hearing loss, revealed that the veteran also had tinnitus; he described his tinnitus as high pitched, periodic, and of mild to moderate severity, and as a condition that he had experienced for the past 15 years. R. at 88. In May 1995, the RO, inter alia, granted service connection for hearing loss in the right ear (rated as noncompensable), and denied the tinnitus claim as not well grounded. R. at 92. The veteran submitted a Notice of Disagreement (NOD) as to that decision, and in October 1995 the RO, inter alia, awarded service connection for the veterans tinnitus, rated as noncompensable, effective from April 1995 (R. at 172); the RO found that the evidence show[ed] a diagnosis of tinnitus due to acoustic trauma, and that [r]easonable doubt ha[d] been resolved in favor of the claimant regarding acoustic trauma leading to his tinnitus because of his assignment as a vehicle mechanic in service and his subjective history of assignment in combat to an artillery unit. R. at 170. However, the RO assigned a noncompensable disability rating on the ground that the evidence [did] not show tinnitus which [was] persistent. R. at 170. The veteran filed an NOD as to, inter alia, the noncompensable rating for tinnitus. R. at 174.

At a 1997 hearing before the Board, the veteran provided sworn testimony that he had experienced the ringing in both his left and right ears for the past 15 years. R. at 244. In a November 1997 decision, the Board, inter alia, remanded the veterans tinnitus claim to the RO for further development and to assess the present severity of hearing loss in his left ear and bilateral tinnitus, since he indicated that he had been experiencing frequent draining and ringing in his ears. R. 275. In April 1999, the RO issued a Supplemental Statement of the Case (SSOC) that, inter alia, continued a noncompensable rating for the veterans service-connected tinnitus, because under DC 6260 [a] noncompensable evaluation is assigned unless the record shows persistent tinnitus as a symptom of head injury, concussion, or acoustic trauma, and that the veteran had reported occasional tinnitus, not persistent tinnitus. R. at 289-92 (emphasis added).

On June 10, 1999, DC 6260 was revised to provide for a 10% rating for [t]innitus, recurrent, and the requirement that, in order to be compensable, the tinnitus must have resulted from head injury, concussion[,] or acoustic trauma was deleted. 64 Fed.Reg. 25,202, 25,206 (May 11, 1999); 38 C.F.R. § 4.87, DC 6260 (1999 & 2004) (emphasis added). The veteran subsequently filed a Substantive Appeal as to the decision contained in the April 1999 SSOC; he asserted, inter alia, that his service[-]connected tinnitus [was] still being evaluated under the old criteria, which required persistent symptoms rather than intermittent [sic] symptoms as the law now requires for a 10% evaluation. R. at 398 (emphasis added).

In the December 12, 2000, BVA decision here on appeal, the Board determined that the amended DC was more favorable than the pre-June 10, 1999, DC (hereinafter pre-1999 DC 6260) and applied that amended version to the veterans claim, as of June 10, 1999 (R. at 6-7, 9); the Board concluded that prior to that date, the veteran had not satisfied the criteria for a 10% rating under pre-1999 DC 6260 because his tinnitus was not persistent, which the Board defined as insistently repetitive, or continuous, tenacious, or enduring. R. at 8 (emphasis added). He sought review of that decision in this Court (R. at 397), where his appeal was reviewed by a three-judge panel in 2003.

. At that time, he asserted, as he does today, (1) that his tinnitus undeniably satisfie[d] the plain meaning of persistent in pre-1999 DC 6260 and that the Boards conclusion to the contrary was legal error, and (2) that the Board had misinterpreted both pre-1999 and then-current DC 6260 when it had failed to award separate 10% disability ratings for each ear for his service-connected tinnitus.
.

In

, this Court, on June 10, 2003, ordered the December 12, 2000, BVA decision reversed in part and vacated in part.
. As to the meaning of persistent in pre-1999 DC 6260, the Court held that because persistent and recurrent appear to have overlapping definitions . . . the Boards conclusion that the appellants tinnitus was not persistent as required by pre-1999 DC 6260 was reached in a manner that was arbitrary, capricious, and an abuse of discretion and therefore must be reversed.
. As to the issue of separate tinnitus ratings for each ear, the Court held that this Courts precedential opinion in
(Wanner I), rev‘d in part,
(Wanner II), applies to the instant case and requires a remand for readjudication, in light of 38 C.F.R. § 4.25(b) (2002) [(requiring that disabilities arising from a single disease entity . . . are to be rated separately)], of the appellants claim for two 10% ratings.
. After the issuance of
, the Secretary sought review of that decision in the Federal Circuit as to our action on the question of the interpretation of persistent. On August 23, 2004, the Federal Circuit reversed, stating:

[T]he decision on appeal relied heavily on the Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims [(CAVC)] decision in

in concluding that it had jurisdiction to review the [DC], which is included in the rating schedule. Thus, we reverse the [CAVC] determination in this case that it had jurisdiction and remand for further proceedings consistent with our decision in
.

. In the
opinion, to which the above-quoted passage refers, the Federal Circuit reversed this Courts holding in
.

In

, this Court had concluded that it had jurisdiction to review DC 6260 for consistency with 38 U.S.C. § 1110 and that such an inquiry did not constitute a review of the rating schedule (which is prohibited by 38 U.S.C. § 7252(b)). After reaching that conclusion, this Court had then invalidated the trauma requirement contained in pre-1999 DC 6260 because it was in violation of [the] statutory right provided in section 1110, and therefore not in accordance with law pursuant to 38 U.S.C. § 7261(a)(3)(C) and (A), and because it was the product of arbitrary and capricious rulemaking pursuant to section 7261(a)(3)(A).
. The second issue that this Court addressed in
was whether the rating schedule allowed for the assignment of two 10% ratings for bilateral tinnitus.
. As to that issue, the Court held, inter alia, that by failing to address 38 C.F.R. § 4.25(b) (2002) the Board had failed to provide an adequate statement of reasons or bases for its determination that DC 6260 provides for only one 10% rating for bilateral tinnitus (rather than two, one for each ear). Ibid.

In its reversal of

, the Federal Circuit held in
that this Courts review of DC 6260 for consistency with section 1110 amount[ed] to a direct review of the content of the rating schedule, and that, in conducting such a review, this Court had acted outside of its jurisdiction as provided by 38 U.S.C. § 7252(b).
. Although the Federal Circuit there reversed this Courts decision to strike the trauma requirement from pre-1999 DC 6260, there is no indication that court intended to disturb our
reasons-or-bases remand for consideration of § 4.25(b). Ibid.

Likewise, in its review of

, the Federal Circuit in
indicated no intent to disturb our
reasons-or-bases remand for readjudication in light of § 4.25(b). See
. The Federal Circuit issued its mandate in
on October 14, 2004, and the matter is now back before this Court. Ibid. In preparation for the current re-review of this matter, this Court on November 2, 2004, ordered supplemental briefing from the parties to address the following two issues: (1) To show cause why the Court should not remand to the Board the matter of the rating under pre-1999 DC 6260 for the provision of an adequate statement of reasons or bases, see 38 U.S.C. § 7104(d)(1), as to the Boards determination of the meaning of persistent under that DC; and (2) to address the appellants argument that 38 C.F.R. § 4.25(b) (1999) entitled him to separate ratings of 10% for tinnitus in each ear under DC 6260 (1998 & 1999).

II. Contentions on Appeal

A. Pre-1999 Rating

In its November 2, 2004, order, the Court directed the Secretary, inter alia, to show cause why the Court should not remand to the Board the matter of the rating under pre-1999 DC 6260 for the provision of an adequate statement of reasons or bases, see 38 U.S.C. § 7104(d)(1), as to the Boards determination of the meaning of persistent under that DC in light of the Boards having selectively paraphrased the Secretarys Supplementa[ry] Information and not having taken into account all of the Secretarys relevant discussion therein, see 59 Fed.Reg. 17,295, 17,297 ([Apr.] 12, 1994), and having relied on a single dictionary definition of persistent, see

(criticizing General Counsel precedent opinion, on which Board had relied, for selective use of a narrow set of definitions) . . . ; see
. . . .
(per curiam order). In his December 2004 supplemental brief filed in response to the Courts November 2, 2004, order, the Secretary asserts that the Court should remand the matter of the rating under pre-1999 DC 6260 so that the Board may provide an adequate statement of reasons or bases as to its determination of the meaning of persistent under that DC. Secretarys (Secy) Supplemental (Suppl.) Brief (Br). at 3. In his January 2005 supplemental brief, the appellant concurs with the Secretary on this issue and urges the Court to remand that issue. Appellants (App.) Suppl. Br. at 2. However, at oral argument the appellants counsel clarified to the Court that the appellant had not abandoned his argument for reversal on this ground. The Court then ordered from the bench that further supplemental briefs be submitted on the reversal question. That briefing was completed on March 24, 2005.

In his March 9, 2005, supplemental memorandum of law, the Secretary presents several arguments. First, he asserts that [g]iven that the words persistent and recurrent and, by implication, the meaning of those terms, are inarguably a part of the ratings schedule, this Court lacks authority to review the matter. Secy Suppl. Memorandum (Mem.) at 6. In the alternative, he argues that, even if the Court possessed the authority to review VAs interpretation of those terms, the Court must defer to VAs interpretation because an agencys interpretation of its own regulations must be given effect so long as the interpretation sensibly conforms to the purpose and wording of the regulations. Id. at 8. (citing

(quoting
)). As support for VAs interpretation of persistent in pre-1999 DC 6260, the Secretary asserts:

[F]rom 1945 until 1999 the Secretarys rating code for tinnitus provided that in order to be compensable, tinnitus had to be constant. The precise term used from 1945 was continuous and from 1976 to 1999 it was persistent . . . . This requirement of persistence continued until the Secretary decided to liberalize the rating schedule as to tinnitus, replacing the requirement with a new, distinct term, recurrent. As the Secretary noted in the 1994 commentary to the proposed rulemaking [ (59 Fed Reg. at 17,297)], the deliberate change to the word recurrent encompassed a new meaning, that tinnitus might not always be present, but that it does return at regular intervals. The Secretarys decision to revise the rating schedule was the culmination of a General Accounting Office study, which recommended that the rating schedule be reviewed and updated, recommendations by VA medical doctors and VA rating specialists, and recommendations by an outside consultant and panel of non-VA specialists on hearing and ear conditions, in order to update the schedule in accordance with the medical communitys understanding of the impact of hearing disorders and other diseases. 59 Fed.Reg. at 17,295-96.

Suppl. Mem. at 4-5. Hence, the Secretary asserts that VAs interpretation is an accepted and valid one, and that [a]lthough there might be other definitions for persistent and recurrent, [t]his Court is not free to substitute a different definition. Id. at 8-9. In response, the appellant contends that under

, this Court ha[s] jurisdiction to review a VA interpretation of a regulation. App. Suppl. Mem. at 3-4. He asserts further that the authorities cited by the Secretary do not support his assertion that the Boards interpretation of a regulation is entitled to deference from this Court (id. at 4); rather, he contends that, although an agencys interpretation of a statute is entitled to deference, at the time of the Board decision here on appeal, as [t]he Secretary conceded at oral argument[,] . . . there had been no interpretation of [DC] 6260 by VA or its General Counsel, and, therefore, there was then nothing to which the Court could properly defer, ibid. The appellant seeks reversal on this issue.

B. Separate Tinnitus Ratings

The appellant asserts that he is entitled to dual 10% ratings for tinnitus for essentially two reasons. First, he asserts that, pursuant to 38 C.F.R. § 4.25(b), the general rule adopted by [] VA with respect to rating all disabilities is that each service-connected disability shall be separately rated and the ratings combined. App. Br. at 10. Hence, the appellant asserts that he is entitled to have the tinnitus in his ears separately rated in accordance with § 4.25(b), unless the rating schedule provides an exception to the general rule. App. Br. at 10. The appellant states further:

When the Secretary intends to provide a single rating where a disability is either unilateral or bilateral, he provides for that single rating in unambiguous terms. . . . These provisions make clear that where the Secretary intends to make an exception to § 4.25 by limiting compensation to a single rating for a disability that is either unilateral or bilateral he knows how to do so. The Secretary having not provided a single rating for unilateral or bilateral tinnitus, separate ratings are required. See 38 C.F.R. § 4.25.

App. Br. at 12-13. Second, the appellant contends that [w]hen called upon to construe an ambiguous statute providing benefits to veterans, the Court will apply the principle that interpretive doubt is to be resolved in the veterans favor Id. at 11-12 (quoting

). Hence, the appellant asserts, the mandatory canon of construction enunciated in Brown v. Gardner and adopted by this Court in
and
is directly applicable to this appeal. Br. at 12.

The Secretary contends that the appellant is not entitled to a tinnitus rating greater than 10% because the rating schedule does not allow for dual ratings of 10% for bilateral tinnitus. Specifically, the Secretary asserts:

The rating schedule is not ambiguous. It explicitly prohibits pyramiding of disability evaluations. Where separate ratings are permitted for like organs, the rating code explicitly provides for such. See, e.g., 38 C.F.R. § 4.87, DC 6207 (Loss of auricle); [ ] § 4.115(b) (Testis, atrophy complete), and DC 7524 (Testis, removal); [] § 4.116, DC 7626 (Breast, surgery of). If the Secretary had intended to provide separate ratings for tinnitus in the schedule of ratings related to ears, he would have employed specific language to do so, as he did for rating disability of the auricles (DC 6207).

Secy Br. at 7. As support for his assertion, the Secretary points to the fact that VA amended the rating schedule, effective June 13, 2003, by adding to DC 6260 Note 2, which provides: Assign only a single evaluation for recurrent tinnitus, whether the sound is perceived in one ear, both ears, or in the head, 38 C.F.R. § 4.87, DC 6260 (2004). Suppl. Br. at 4. The Secretary asserts that Note 2 did not change the way VA evaluates tinnitus [; rather, the note was added to reflect VAs standard practice, and that Note 2 would hence apply to claims filed prior to the June 2003 effective date of that amendment, such as in this case. Ibid. This position, according to the Secretary, is consistent with VA General Counsel Precedent Opinion 2-2003 (May 13, 2003) [hereinafter G.C. Prec. 2-2003] and VAs Supplementary Information contained in the preambulatory language of the proposed and final rule amending DC 6260, 67 Fed.Reg. 59,033 (Sept. 19, 2002); 68 Fed.Reg. 25,822, 25,823 (May 14, 2003). Suppl. Br. at 3-4. According to those documents, VA does not consider Note 2 to be a substantive change but merely a clarification or restatement of that DC. As G.C. Prec. 2-2003 states:

As was stated in the notice of proposed rulemaking: This amendment involves no substantive change and is consistent with current practice. 67 Fed.Reg. at 59,033. Thus, the amendment restated in more explicit terms the rule reflected in prior VA regulations that only a single 10% rating for tinnitus is authorized regardless of whether tinnitus is perceived as unilateral, bilateral, or in the head.

G.C. Prec. 2-2003. The Secretary asserts further that the interpretation provided by Note 2 is a reasonable interpretation based on the common medical definition of tinnitus and should be given deference by the Court. Suppl. Br. at 5. As support for this assertion, he cites to VAs Supplementary Information, published in conjunction with the proposed rule, which stated that [t]rue tinnitus . . . appears to arise from the brain rather than the ears and that true (subjective) tinnitus is a central nervous system condition, 67 Fed.Reg. at 59,033. As the medical authority for this assertion regarding tinnitus being a central-nervous-system disorder, the Secretary cites to the Supplementary Information published in explanation of the proposed and final rule change. Suppl. Br. at 5 (citing 67 Fed.Reg. at 59,033 and 68 Fed.Reg. at 25,822). The Secretary then concludes:

Because tinnitus is a central nervous system disorder, rather than a disorder of the ears, the sound that Mr. Smith perceives in each ear is in reality a single disability existing in his central nervous system. Section 4.25(b)s reference to disabilities arising from a single disease entity has no application in this case because he has only a single disability, a disability of the nervous system. Ibid.

At oral argument, when asked what was the medical basis for the central-nervous-system thesis, the Secretarys counsel could not provide any citation to authority. Finally, the Secretary contends that VAs interpretation should control here because an agencys interpretation of its own regulation is entitled to substantial deference, unless that interpretation is plainly erroneous or inconsistent with the regulation. Suppl. Br. at 4 (quoting

).

III. Analysis

A. Applicable Law and Regulation

At the time of the BVA decision here on appeal, section 1155 of title 38 of the U.S.Code provided, and provides now, in relevant part:

§ 1155. Authority for schedule for rating disabilities

The Secretary shall adopt and apply a schedule of ratings of reductions in earning capacity from specific injuries or combination of injuries. The ratings shall be based, as far as practicable, upon the average impairments of earning capacity resulting from such injuries in civil occupations. The schedule shall be constructed so as to provide ten grades of disability and no more, upon which payments of compensation shall be based, namely, 10 percent, 20 percent, 30 percent, 40 percent, 50 percent, 60 percent, 70 percent, 80 percent, 90 percent, and total, 100 percent. The Secretary shall from time to time readjust this schedule of ratings in accordance with experience. However, in no event shall such a readjustment in the rating schedule cause a veterans disability rating in effect on the effective date of the readjustment to be reduced unless an improvement in the veterans disability is shown to have occurred.

38 U.S.C. § 1155. Section 7252 of title 38 also provided then as it does now:

§ 7252. Jurisdiction; finality of decisions

(b) Review in the Court shall be on the record of proceedings before the Secretary and the Board. The extent of the review shall be limited to the scope provided in section 7261 of this title. The Court may not review the schedule of ratings for disabilities adopted under section 1155 of this title or any action of the Secretary in adopting or revising that schedule.

38 U.S.C. § 7252(b). At the time of the filing of the original claim that gave rise to the decision here on appeal, title 38 of the Code of Federal Regulations provided in relevant part:

§ 4.25 Combined ratings table

(b) Except as otherwise provided in this schedule, the diseases arising from a single disease entity, e.g., arthritis, multiple sclerosis, cerebrovascular accident, etc., are to be rated separately, as are all other disabling conditions, if any. All disabilities are then combined as described in paragraph (a) of this section. The conversion to the nearest degree divisible by 10 will be done only once per rating decision, will combine the rating of all disabilities, and will be the last procedure in determining the combined degree of disability.

* * * * *

§ 4.87 Schedule of ratings—ear.

DISEASES OF THE EAR

Rating

6260 Tinnitus:

Persistent as a symptom of head injury, concussion or acoustic trauma . . . 10

Effective from June 10, 1999, the Secretary amended 6260 to provide:

6260 Tinnitus, recurrent . . . 10

64 Fed.Reg. at 25,202; 38 C.F.R. § 4.87, DC 6260 (2000). Effective June 13, 2003, the Secretary added the following note at the end of DC 6260:

NOTE (2): Assign only a single evaluation for recurrent tinnitus, whether the sound is perceived in one ear, both ears, or in the head.

68 Fed.Reg. at 25,822; 38 C.F.R. § 4.87, DC 6260 (2004).

B. Pre-1999 Rating

1. Jurisdiction

In

, the Federal Circuit reversed our determination that we had jurisdiction to review the Boards interpretation of persistent in DC 6260 because our decision [had] relied heavily on [our]
decision, which the Federal Circuit had reversed in terms of its jurisdictional holding.
; see
and
, both supra. The Federal Circuit then remanded this case to us for further proceedings consistent with [its] decision in
.
. In
, the Federal Circuit held that this Court did not have jurisdiction to invalidate the pre-1999 DC 6260 trauma requirement as inconsistent with 38 U.S.C. § 1110, as we had done in
.
. The Federal Circuit also stated in
: The Secretarys discretion over the [rating] schedule, including procedures followed and content selected, is insulated from judicial review with one recognized exception limited to constitutional challenges. Ibid. (language preceded by citation to
, for constitutional exception).

Nineteen days after

was decided, the Federal Circuit issued its opinion in
. In
, the Federal Circuit, making no reference to its opinion in
, concluded that this Court had jurisdiction to review the correct interpretation of [38 C.F.R. §] 4.130, specifically the relationship between the [Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV) (with which the preambulatory language in § 4.130 directs rating agencies to be thoroughly familiar . . . [in order] to properly implement the general rating formula)] and the general rating formula for mental disorders set forth at the end of § 4.130.
. The Federal Circuit thrice distinguished the review undertaken there from review of the content of the rating criteria, which neither we nor the . . . Court [of Appeals for Veterans Claims] may review. Ibid. The dissenting judge in
agreed with the majoritys distinction between review of the Boards interpretation of a regulation, which is permissible, and the review of the content of the ratings schedule, which is not, but disagreed that what the appellants sought there amounted to review of interpretation rather than of content.
.

Based on

, we conclude that the review sought here by the appellant involves the Boards decision to interpret persistent in pre-1999 DC 6260 as requiring that tinnitus have an element of constancy in order to be compensable. The nature of that review is not distinguishable from the review sought in
, which the Federal Circuit characterized as involving the issue whether the regulation [§ 4.130] requires that VA consider symptoms of [post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)] contained in the DSM-IV and make findings of fact as to whether a veteran suffered increased occupational and social impairment [ (a criterion in the general rating formula)] as consequences of the severity of those [DSM-IV] symptoms.
. We recognize that the Federal Circuits remand in
for further proceedings here directed that we act in a manner consistent with
and did not refer to
. However, we believe that we must read
in light of
, and, so synthesizing the applicable precedents, we conclude that the issue before us today is the correct interpretation of a rating-schedule regulation, as in
, and not a direct challenge to the content of a rating-schedule regulation, as in
. We note further that the Federal Circuits remand in
was premised on the fact that we had relied heavily on
in finding jurisdiction previously; in contrast, we rely now on the Federal Circuits pronouncements in
and
, for the holding that we have jurisdiction over the question presented by the appellant regarding the correct interpretation of persistent in the pre-1999 DC 6260.

2. Merits

As previously noted, the appellant seeks reversal of the Boards determination that he did not satisfy the persistent criterion for a 10% rating under pre-1999 DC 6260, but alternatively argues that the Boards statement of reasons or bases is inadequate and that the matter should be remanded. The Secretary agrees that the Boards statement of reasons or bases is inadequate (Suppl. Br. at 3) and at oral argument contended that the matter should be remanded but not reversed. For the following reasons, the Court agrees with the parties that the Boards statement of reasons or bases is inadequate and that the matter should be remanded so that the Board may provide an adequate statement of reasons or bases.

In his briefing to the Court, the Secretary notes that the Board decision in the instant case failed to explain adequately the basis for its interpretation of persistent as applied to the evaluation of tinnitus under pre-1999 DC 6260. Suppl. Br. at 3. The Board reached its decision (1) without referring to the Secretarys conclusion that an attribute of constancy was not well suited for rating a condition that, under certain circumstances, comes and goes, 59 Fed. Reg. at 17,297; (2) by paraphrasing only selectively from the Secretarys 1994 Supplementary Information, ibid.; and (3) by basing its conclusion solely on one dictionary definition of persistent (R. at 8). See

(criticizing General Counsel precedent opinion, upon which Board had relied, for selective use of a narrow set of definitions); see also
(holding that Secretary defines corroboration far too narrowly in interpreting 38 C.F.R. § 3.304(f)). In this regard, the Court notes that persistent is defined generally as, inter alia, continuing and constantly repeated, whereas recurrent is defined generally as, inter alia, appearing or occurring again or periodically, WEBSTERS NEW WORLD DICTIONARY 1007, 1123 (3d ed.1988), and that the Secretary has provided no regulatory guidance as to the meaning of either persistent in pre-1999 DC 6260 or recurrent in current DC 6260; for example, neither is defined or explained in terms of the frequency required to satisfy the rating criteria. Cf., e.g., 38 C.F.R. §§ 4.88b, DC 6354 (providing ratings for chronic fatigue syndrome based on specific degree and length of periods of incapacitation), 4.97, DC 6514 (providing ratings for sinusitis based on specific number, degree, and length of episodes), 4.114, DC 7305 (providing mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe ratings for ulcers based on specific frequency and length of symptoms) (2004).

In addition, the Board failed to address the Secretarys comments in the 1994 Supplementary Information (which explained the proposal (adopted in 1999) that changed persistent to recurrent and eliminated the trauma requirement) suggesting that the Secretary had concluded that, to the extent that persistent as used in the pre-1999 DC 6260 includes a meaning of constant, it is unrealistic to use persistent for evaluating tinnitus, and that a meaning of occurring at regular intervals is the correct evaluation criterion. Specifically, the Secretary stated:

The evaluation for tinnitus ([DC] 6260) currently requires that the condition be persistent in order to qualify for a 10 percent evaluation. Tinnitus is a subjective sensation which, under certain circumstances, comes and goes. The word persistent suggests a meaning of [“]constant[“], and we propose to replace it with recurrent, meaning that the tinnitus might not always be present, but that it does return at regular intervals. Requiring that tinnitus be recurrent will allow a realistic evaluation of the typical disablement from this condition.

59 Fed.Reg. at 17,297 (emphasis added). Although the Secretary attempts to explain in his supplemental memorandum of law, without any supporting authority, that the requirement of persistence was based, as far as practicable, upon the average impairment of earning capacity from tinnitus as it was understood when the regulation was promulgated many years ago, and that the rating schedule was readjusted to reflect advances in medical knowledge and to accord with evolving understandings of the average impairment of earning capacity occasioned by hearing loss and other conditions (Suppl. Mem. at 10-11), the Board did not set forth any such rationale; it is not the task of the Secretary to rewrite the Boards decision through his pleadings filed in this Court. See

(Steinberg, J., concurring) (noting that Courts role is to review whether the Board in its decision, rather than the Secretary in his brief, provided an adequate statement of reasons or bases). Finally, the Board also failed to consider and apply, as appropriate, the basic canon of construction that interpretive doubt is to be resolved in the veterans favor when a regulatory term is found to be ambiguous and there is no regulatory history to shed light on its meaning.
; see
(applying above Gardner rule to resolve ambiguity in DCs in favor of claimant).

Because of the Boards failure to address the above matters, the Court cannot adequately review the appellants claim for reversal or otherwise carry out effective judicial review of the Boards denial of a compensable rating for his tinnitus under pre-1999 DC 6260. Accordingly, the matter will be remanded. See 38 U.S.C. §§ 7104(a), (d)(1);

(noting that Board is required to provide adequate written statement of reasons or bases for its findings and conclusions on all material issues of fact and law presented on record; statement must be adequate to enable claimant to understand precise basis for its decision, as well as to facilitate review in this Court);
(same).

C. Relationship Between § 4.25(b) and DC 6260

1. Jurisdiction

[3] Before we may consider the appellants contentions regarding the correct interpretation of § 4.25(b), we must address the question of the Courts jurisdiction over this question. Again, we conclude that what the appellant has asked us to do here is not a direct review of the content of the rating schedule, which

and section 7252(b) proscribes, but rather a review of the Boards interpretation of two regulatory provisions and their interrelationship. This is exactly what was involved in
, where the appellant was asserting that the § 4.130 language of the preambulatory general reference to the DSM-IV nomenclature required that the specific DSM-IV nomenclature pertaining to PTSD prevail over the General Rating Formula for Mental Disorders that applied to PTSD under [38 C.F.R. § 4.130,] DC 9411 [2000,] as well as to 35 other specified mental disorders.
(characterizing appellants contention as that in . . . § 4.130 VA adopted the definition of PTSD contained in the DSM-IV and thus VA must look to the DSM-IV to properly determine whether a veteran has total occupational and social impairment that results from his or her service-connected [PTSD] disability). Hence, we hold that we have jurisdiction to address the merits of the appellants reversal contention on this issue.

2. Merits

In this case, the Board concluded that [t]he 10[%] rating being granted in this decision is the only schedular evaluation available for tinnitus, and there are no other diagnostic codes potentially applicable to this disorder. R. at 9. At oral argument, counsel for the Secretary represented that a remand on this issue would be pointless because the Board on remand would have to apply G.C. Prec. 2-2003, which concluded that under the DC for tinnitus (DC 6260) no more than a 10% rating was generally available. See 38 U.S.C. § 7104(c) (providing that Board bound to follow precedent opinions of the General Counsel). Accordingly, the Court will address the merits.

At the outset, we note that, although the Board is bound by the precedent opinions of the VA General Counsel, this Court is not so bound. See, e.g.,

(citing
,
, and
); see also 38 U.S.C. §§ 7104(c), 7261. The Court reviews the Secretarys interpretation of law de novo. See
.

After reviewing the Secretarys analysis of the rating schedule with regard to tinnitus, the Court concludes that he failed to take account of a basic canon of construction, specifically, to look to the plain text of the regulation. The basic principles that apply to construing statutes apply equally to construing regulations. The starting point in interpreting a statute is its language.

(quoting
) (internal citations omitted). Here, the Secretarys interpre-tation cannot stand because it conflicts with the plain meaning of the regulation. See
(holding that interpretation of regulation by VA that conflicted with plain meaning of regulation not entitled to deference) (citing
(quoting
), rev‘d on other grounds sub. nom.
).

The Secretary stresses that none of the provisions in the section of the rating schedule relating to ears address dual ratings, with the exception of DC 6207 regarding auricles, which specifically provides for different ratings depending on whether one or both auricles are a complete loss. From these observations, the Secretary derives the following interpretive principle:

Where separate ratings are permitted for like organs, the rating code explicitly provides for such. See, e.g., 38 C.F.R. § 4.87, DC 6207 (Loss of auricle); [ ] § 4.115(b) (Testis, atrophy complete), and DC 7524 (Testis, removal); [] § 4.116, DC 7626 (Breast, surgery of). If the Secretary had intended to provide separate ratings for tinnitus in the schedule of ratings related to ears, he would have employed specific language to do so, as he did for rating disability of the auricles (DC 6207).

Secy Br. at 7. Stated another way, the Secretary concludes that the drafters knew how to draft the regulations to specify when each ear should be rated separately and, further, that the absence of any such statement showed a clear intention to exclude individual ratings for each ear. R. at 8-9. An examination of the plain text of the regulation, however, reveals that dual ratings for tinnitus were not intended to be excluded.

As the appellant argues, § 4.25(b) provides the general rule for rating disabilities arising from a single disease entity. That regulation states: Except as otherwise provided in this schedule, the disabilities arising from a single disease entity . . . are to be rated separately as are all other disabling conditions, if any. All disabilities then are to be combined [for rating purposes] . . . . 38 C.F.R. § 4.25(b) (emphasis added). Accordingly, under the plain reading of the regulation, each service-connected disability arising from a single disease entity is to be rated separately, and the ratings combined, unless otherwise provided by the Secretary. See

;
.

Although the Secretary correctly states that [n]either the prior nor the amended regulation contained any language suggesting that a separate tinnitus rating could be awarded for each ear, G.C. Prec. 2-2003, this is not the test. An examination of DC 6260 reveals that tinnitus is listed as a disease of the ear—making the provisions of § 4.25(b) applicable thereto as a single disease entity—and that the rating schedule contains no exception to § 4.25(b) regarding tinnitus; that is, nothing in the rating schedule limits a veteran with tinnitus in both ears to only one rating. The plain reading and application of § 4.25(b) and DC 6260 results in a rating of 10% for each ear affected by a single case of tinnitus and then a combination of those ratings. There is no need to look further to discern the meaning of the regulation. Where a statutes language is plain, and its meaning clear, no room exists for construction. There is nothing to construe.

, aff‘d sub nom.
, aff‘d,
. If the intent of Con-gress is clear, that is the end of the matter.
. The quoted language from Gardner and Chevron applies equally to regulations. See
;
; see also
.

Assuming, arguendo, that the regulations language was not plain, the Court does not agree with the Secretarys contention that an examination of other DCs shows an intent of the drafters to exclude dual ratings unless the DC expressly provides for such dual rating. The Court has not found in other parts of the rating schedule support for the Secretarys basic assertion with regard to § 4.25(b). Although, on first impression, the rating schedule for loss of hearing, which provides expressly for dual ratings, seems to support the Secretarys assertion that where separate ratings are permitted for like organs, the rating code explicitly provides for such, upon further examination, we conclude that support for that assertion is wanting. For example, 38 C.F.R. §§ 4.85 and 4.86, relating to Evaluation of hearing impairment and Exceptional patterns of hearing impairment, both provide for dual ratings; however, both of these sections rate only impairment without regard to an underlying disease. See 38 C.F.R. §§ 4.85 and 4.86 (2004). Section 4.25(b), which by its very terms requires separate ratings for each disability arising from a single disease entity, does not apply to §§ 4.85 and 4.86, and the drafters thus were required to provide specifically for dual ratings if they wanted that result. Accordingly, §§ 4.85 and 4.86, which explicitly permit dual ratings for hearing loss, provide no insight into whether such ratings are permitted for disability ratings based on an ear disease.

The Secretary points to the fact that within the rating schedule for Diseases of the Ear in § 4.87a (which includes tinnitus), the schedule specifically provides a higher rating for the loss of both auricles as opposed to the loss of only one, where no such dual rating was specifically provided for the other diseases listed in that section, including tinnitus. Br. at 7-8. The Secretary concludes from this that the drafters of the schedule meant to preclude a dual rating for the other ear diseases in that section, including tinnitus. Ibid. Even if this interpretation was not contrary to the plain text of the regulation, which it is, it is still suspect. As previously noted, § 4.25(b) provides for separate ratings for disabilities arising from a single disease entity. If a distinct rating had not been provided for the loss of both auricles, the application of § 4.25(b) would have required a 30% rating for the loss of one ear and an additional 30% rating for the loss of the second ear; these would then have been combined with each other and with ratings for other disabilities. Instead, the drafters provided a rating of 30% for the loss of one auricle and 50% for the loss of both. The Court finds it more likely than not that these separate ratings were provided specifically to preclude the application of § 4.25(b), which would have resulted in a slightly higher combined rating of 51%, see 38 C.F.R. § 4.25(b) (Table I), than for the purpose of providing interpretative assistance in assessing whether a dual rating was required for a disability arising from the other ear diseases. (We note that, although 38 C.F.R. § 4.25(b) provides that a 51% rating is to be rounded to 50%, the rating schedule for loss of auricles does not reflect merely what would have been provided under 4.25(b). A 51% rating may potentially affect a claimants disability rating when combined with ratings from other disabilities. As § 4.25(b) provides, the rounding procedure for reaching a combined rating will be applied only once, after all the ratings are combined. See 38 C.F.R. § 4.25(b).)

Finally, regarding the interpretation of the rating schedule, the schedule for diseases of the eye reveals that the drafters of the schedule knew exactly how to make exceptions from the application of § 4.25(b) for disabilities arising from a disease. For example, 38 C.F.R. § 4.84a, DC 6011 (2004), specifically states that atrophy of the retina, a disease of the eye, is limited to only one rating, whether unilateral or bilateral. Such a limitation simply does not exist in the applicable DC for tinnitus (DC 6260), and it appears doubtful that one could be added to the detriment of the veteran once he filed his claim, either by interpretative analysis or amended regulation. See

;
, overruled in part on other grounds by
; see also 38 U.S.C. § 1155 (stating that Secretary may not revise rating schedule so as to reduce veterans disability rating then in effect unless an improvement in veterans disability is shown).

As to the Secretarys assertion that Note 2 involves no substantive change and that the amendment restated in more explicit terms the rule reflected in prior VA regulations that only a single 10% rating for tinnitus is authorized, this interpretation not only is inconsistent with the plain meaning of the applicable regulation in this case, but also the support for this assertion is flawed. Both the Secretary and the General Counsel quote the Supplementary Information published in the Federal Register at the time of the promulgation of the final rule, which stated in relevant part:

To rate each ear separately for this single disability would violate the prohibition on pyramiding, 38 CFR 4.14. Similarly, to rate each ear separately would be a violation of the principle of 38 CFR 4.25(b) that a single disease entity is to be given a single rating. A single evaluation for a single disability is appropriate. We have made no change based on this comment.

68 Fed.Reg. at 25,823 (emphasis added). The above-quoted passage misstates the law. In fact, this passage states nearly the opposite of what § 4.25(b) provides, which is that the disabilities arising from a single disease entity . . . are to be rated separately. 38 C.F.R. § 4.25(b) (emphasis added). Hence, pursuant to the review standard set forth in Westberry, the Court owes no deference to such an interpretation, because it is both plainly erroneous and inconsistent with [VA]s own regulation as provided in § 4.25(b).

.

The Secretary asserts (both in his brief and at oral argument) that the policy embodied in Note 2 had been the standard practice for VA since 1945, and that VAs interpretation of DC 6260—that such a policy had always been a part of the tinnitus rating—should be given deference by the Court because it is reasonable and based on the common medical definition of tinnitus. Suppl. Br. at 5. However, the Secretary concedes (also at oral argument) that neither the standard practice of awarding only a single 10% rating for tinnitus nor the common medical definition of tinnitus that considered that condition a disability of the central nervous system, was set forth in a publicly available document before VAs proposed rule in 2002. Hence, even if the regulations in this case were ambiguous, the Court would find the argument that Note 2 embodied either a standard VA practice or an established agency policy based on a com-mon medical definition to be unpersuasive. As the Secretary also conceded at oral argument, the paucity of information in regard to this standard VA practice available prior to the Boards December 2000 decision in this case distinguishes this case from

, which affirmed the validity of an agency regulation that had formally recognized a longstanding agency interpretation. Unlike in the instant case, in Smiley, the agency had a publicly available track record of having interpreted an ambiguous term in a manner consistent with the new regulation. Finally, to the extent that there is any reasonable interpretive doubt regarding the meaning of § 4.25(b) and its application to DC 6260, and given the lack of any publicly available agency interpretative history on this matter, such doubt is to be resolved in favor of the veteran. See
;
(en banc) (applying Gardner interpretive doubt rule);
.

Based on the plain language of the regulations, the Court holds that the pre-1999 and pre-June 13, 2003, versions of DC 6260 required the assignment of dual ratings for bilateral tinnitus. In light of this holding, the Court will reverse as not in accordance with law, 38 U.S.C. § 7261(a)(3)(A), the Boards conclusion that [t]he 10[%] rating being granted . . . is the only schedular evaluation available for tinnitus, set aside the determination that no higher rating is available to the appellant, and remand that matter for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

III. Conclusion

Upon consideration of the parties’ pleadings, oral argument, and the forgoing analysis, the Court reverses the December 2000 BVA decision that bilateral tinnitus may not qualify for two 10% ratings, one for each ear, and remands that matter for expeditious readjudication as to whether the appellant has bilateral tinnitus, and, if so, for assignment of a rating consistent with this opinion. Additionally, the Court vacates the December 2000 BVA decision with respect to the Board‘s decision to interpret persistent in pre-1999 DC 6260 as requiring an element of constancy, and remands that matter for readjudication and for consideration of our holding regarding § 4.25(b) to pre-1999 DC 6260. Furthermore, the Court invalidates G.C. Prec. 2-2003 to the extent that it is inconsistent with § 4.25(b) and pre-June 2003 DC 6260 as herein construed. On remand, the Secretary will ensure expeditious appropriate further development and issuance of a readjudicated decision supported by an adequate statement of reasons or bases, see 38 U.S.C. §§ 1110, 5100-5103, 5103A, 5107, 7104(a), (d)(1); 38 C.F.R. §§ 4.25(b), 4.87, DC 6260 (pre-1999 and pre-June 13, 2003), all consistent with this opinion and in accordance with 38 U.S.C. § 7112 (as added by the Veterans Benefits Act of 2003, Pub.L. No. 108-183, § 707(b), 117 Stat. 2651, 2673) (requiring Secretary to take such actions as may be necessary to provide for the expeditious treatment by the Board of any claim that is remanded to the Secretary by the Court); see

(holding that section 302 of Veterans Benefits Improvements Act of 1994, Pub.L. No. 103-446, § 302, 108 Stat. 4645, 4658, predecessor of section 7112, applies to all elements of claim remanded by the Court or Board), and in accordance with all applicable law and regulation. See
. On remand, the appellant will be free to submit additional evidence and argument on the remanded claims, and the Board is required to consider any such evidence and argument. See
. A remand by this Court or by the Board confers on an appellant the right to VA compliance with the terms of the remand order and imposes on the Secretary a concomitant duty to ensure compliance with those terms. See
. A final decision by the Board following the remand herein ordered will constitute a new decision that, if adverse, may be appealed to this Court only upon the filing of a new Notice of Appeal with the Court not later than 120 days after the date on which notice of the Boards new final decision is mailed to the appellant. See
.

REVERSED IN PART, VACATED IN PART, AND REMANDED.

IVERS, Chief Judge, concurring in part and dissenting in part:

I must respectfully dissent from the majority opinion with respect to the issue of the Courts jurisdiction as discussed in III. B.1. The Court has jurisdiction to determine its jurisdiction over a case. See

. In my view, the majoritys decision to remand the question of the appellants entitlement to a compensable rating under the pre-1999 DC 6260 is outside this Courts jurisdiction pursuant to 38 U.S.C. §§ 502 and 7252(b) and contrary to the Federal Circuits decisions in
and
.

In the case underlying the appeal before us, the Federal Circuit granted the Secretary‘s motion to vacate and remand this Courts decision in

as inconsistent with
. See
. In so doing, the Federal Circuit stated:

In

, we reversed the Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims’ determination that it had jurisdiction to review the rating schedule, absent a constitutional challenge. In the instant case, the decision on appeal relied heavily on the Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims’ Wanner decision [
] in concluding that it had jurisdiction to review the Diagnostic Code, which is included in the ratings schedule. Thus, we reverse the Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims’ determination in this case that it had jurisdiction and remand for further proceedings consistent with our decision in
.

. In concluding that this Court did not have jurisdiction to review the ratings schedule, the Federal Circuit in
reviewed the jurisdictional provisions of title 38, 38 U.S.C. §§ 502 and 7252(b).
. Section 502 specifically excludes from judicial review by this Court actions of the Secretary relating to the adoption or revision of the schedule of ratings for disabilities adopted under section 1155 of this title. 38 U.S.C. § 502; see also id. In addition, section 7252(b) states that this Court may not review the schedule of ratings for disabilities adopted under section 1155 of this title or any action of the Secretary in adopting or revising that schedule. 38 U.S.C. § 7252(b) (emphasis added); see also id. Noting that the clarity of the legislative scheme makes resort to the legislative history [of the Veterans Judicial Review Act, Pub.L. No. 100-687, 102 Stat. 4105 (1988)] unnecessary, the Federal Circuit added:

Senate Report 100-418 explains: The Committee bill contains one restriction on the scope of review of VA rules and regulations: A court would not be per-mitted to direct or otherwise order that any part of the disability rating schedule issued or adopted by the Administrator be modified. . . . A report from the House of Representatives reflects a similar understanding, explaining that, in response to apprehension . . . that the VA schedule for rating disabilities . . . would be destroyed by piecemeal review of individual rating classifications, the bill has expressly precluded review of the schedule. . . . H.R. Rep. 100-963 at 28. The language in the legislative history is not limited to the percentages of the disability ratings . . . but matches the statutes in broadly precluding judicial review of the contents of the disability rating schedule in toto.

(emphasis added). The Federal Circuit concluded that the review undertaken by the Veterans Court here amounts to a direct review of the content of the rating schedule and was an action outside of its jurisdiction as provided by 38 U.S.C. § 7252(b).
.

The majority presently claims that it is not reviewing the contents of the rating schedule, but the Boards interpretation of persistent in pre-1999 DC 6260, and, consequently, this review is not distinguishable from the review sought in Sellers. Ante at 72. However, the Courts analysis here moves well beyond the interpretation of the ratings criteria as discussed in Sellers. In that case, the Federal Circuit upheld this Courts interpretation of 38 C.F.R. § 4.130 with respect to the relationship between the DSM-IV and the general rating formula.

. With respect to the issue of this Courts jurisdiction, the Federal Circuit focused on the character of the arguments raised by the appellants: Appellants are challenging VAs interpretation of a regulation. The Veterans Court, therefore, had jurisdiction under 38 U.S.C. § 7252(a).
.

The crucial difference between Sellers and this case is that the appellants in Sellers were not challenging the content of the ratings schedule insofar as the ratings schedule reflected the medically recognized symptoms of PTSD. The Secretarys instruction that [r]ating agencies must be thoroughly familiar with [the DSM-IV] to properly . . . apply the general rating formula for mental disorders in [section] 4.130 established an ambiguous relationship between the ratings criteria for PTSD and DSM-IV. The Court interpreted the limits of that relationship without reviewing any action of the Secretary in adopting or revising that schedule. 38 U.S.C. § 7252(b).

While cloaking their actions in the reasons-and-bases rubric, the majority here dives directly into the content of the ratings schedule by evaluating the meaning of persistent in the pre-1999 DC 6260 and recurrent in the current DC 6260 against the medical definition of tinnitus. By proposing to examine the reasonableness of the terms persistent and recurrent as accurate symptoms of tinnitus, the Court is announcing its intent to directly review the contents of the ratings schedule and infringing on the Secretarys authority under 38 U.S.C. § 1155 to adopt and apply a schedule of ratings of reductions in earning capacity from specific injuries or combination of injuries. Sellers is inapplicable in this case because the majority, in interpreting the meaning of persistent in the pre-1999 DC 6260 and recurrent in the current DC 6260, would engage in a review [of] the schedule of ratings for disabilities adopted under section 1155 of this title or any action of the Secretary in adopting or revising that schedule. 38 U.S.C. § 7252(b). The Federal Circuits language in

is instructive: The review undertaken by the Veterans Court here amounts to a direct review of the contents of the rating schedule and is indistinguishable from the review of what should be considered a disability that the Veterans Court itself recognized as impermissible.
.

Moreover, it is irrelevant for jurisdictional purposes that the Court is remanding the issue to the Board. If the Court had jurisdiction, it would merely be postponing an eventual judicial review of an action relating to the adoption or revision of the schedule of ratings for disabilities adopted under section 1155 of this title. 38 U.S.C. § 502. The only appropriate course of action in this case is to dismiss the claim as outside the Courts jurisdiction pursuant to 38 U.S.C. §§ 502 and 7252(b), and the Federal Circuits decisions in

and
.