161 Mo. App. 441 | Mo. Ct. App. | 1912
Motion by defendant to quash levy of execution upon a lot in the city of Aurora upon the ground that the property is exempt to defendant as a homestead. The motion was sustained and plaintiff has appealed.
The facts are as follows: Aurora is a city of less than 10,000. The lot contains less than five acres and is of less value than $1500. It is conceded that if defendant is entitled to the homestead exemption at all, the action of the court in quashing the levy should be upheld. The defendant and her husband lived in Chicago and after her husband’s death she came to Aurora, purchased the lot in question an.d has since
The question presented in this case is, does the homestead exemption extend to a person living alone and with no one dependent upon him? The statute is as follows: ‘ ‘ The homestead of every housekeeper or head of a family, consisting of a dwelling-house and appurtenances and the land used in connection therewith not exceeding the amount and value herein limited, which is or shall be used by such housekeeper or head of a family as such homestead shall together with the rents, issues and products thereof be exempt from attachment and execution except as herein provided. . . .” [Stat. 1099, Sec. 6704.) It is not contended that defendant is the head of a family but it is contended that she is a housekeeper and entitled to the homestead exemption for that reason. That she is a housekeeper in one sense of the term, there can be no question, for she lives in a house, and though all alone, she keeps house for her own comfort and convenience but is the term used in that sense in the homestead statute? In determining the meaning of the term housekeeper in this statute, we must keep in mind the connection in which it is used and the purpose of the statute itself. We note first, that to entitle any one to homestead exemption under this statute, the property claimed as exempt must “be used by such housekeeper or head of a family as such homestead.” Though a person may be a housekeeper or head of a family yet unless the property is used as a homestead it cannot be held as exempt. This, then, makes it important to determine what is meant by using it as a homestead. A homestead is defined as a parcel of land on which a family resides and which is to them a home. [21 Cyc. 458; Galligher v. Smiley (Neb.), 44 N. W. 187; Tumlinson
A homestead being, therefore, the home of a family, it is apparent that if there be no family there can be no homestead. The term family is a broad term and has been construed by the courts to take in many persons other than parents and children. The central thought underlying the family relation is that of dependence, and hence, any number of persons more than one living together under the same roof with some one of their number as head who controls the affairs of the household and upon whom the others or some of them are, by reason of some legal or moral obligation, dependent, may be said to be a family and the person in control the head of that family. [Ridenour-Baker Grocery Co. v. Monroe, 142 Mo. 165, 43 S. W. 633.]
The primary object to be accomplished in all legislation respecting the homestead is the protection of the family as distinguished from the individual. The homestead exemption is allowed, primarily, for the protection of the dependent ones and it is for their benefit, chiefly, that the party to whom the exemption is allowed takes it. He secures the benefit of it to enable him to properly discharge his obligation to care for and support those dependent upon him and that the family may be kept intact. The keeping of the family together, the preservation of the home for the family and the protection of the dependents are the purposes underlying all legislation providing a homestead exemption and those purposes must be kept constantly in mind in considering any statute relating to a homestead exemption. [Cases cited supra. Also, Spengler v. Kaufman & Wilkinson, 43 Mo. App. 513; Brown v. Brown’s Administrator, 68 Mo. 388, 391; Biffle v. Pullam, 114 Mo. 50, 53, 21 S. W. 450 ; McCanna
The phraseology of the homestead statutes in the different states varies somewhat hut in their construction by the courts there is entire uniformity in the holding that the element of dependency in some form is necessary to constitute the family relation and also that the family relation must be present in order for the statute to apply. It has also been held that in the absence of a statute so providing, the family cannot exist with but one member. [Keiffer v. Barney, 31 Ala. 192; Rock v. Haas, 110 Ill. 528; Betts v. Mills (Ok.), 58 Pac. 857; Wilson v. Cochran (Tex.), 98 Am. Dec. 553.]
If the family relation is once established and while that relation exists, the right of homestead is acquired by the head of the family, then as long as he occupies the homestead as his home he may hold it as exempt even though the other members of the family may all die or be dispersed and he be left alone. [Beckman v. Meyer, 75 Mo. 333; Biffle v. Pullam, 114 Mo. 50, 21 S. W. 450; Holmes v. Nichols, 93 Mo. App. 513, 67 S. W. 722.] This latter position, however, does not militate against the general rule that the family relation must exist before the right to a homestead exemption can attach.
In this case, while this defendant was a member of a family, though not its head, during the life of her husband, yet, the lot in question was not acquired by her until after her husband’s death, so as to this lot, she occupies the same position as if she had never been married, and if she can hold this property as exempt, she must do it because she is a housekeeper for she is not the head of a family. As far as its relation to a homestead is concerned we can see no difference between the meaning of the words “housekeeper” and “householder” when applied to the same individual. Webster defines “housekeeper” as “one who occupies
Our conclusion is that in granting the homestead exemption to “Every housekeeper or head of a family” it was not the intention of the Legislature to grant the exemption to two separate and distinct classes of persons, one class being designated as
We are cited to the case of Murdock v. Dalby, 13 Mo. App. 41, as establishing a different rule but a close examination of that case will show that the right of the party to a homestead was conceded by the other parties to the litigation and the point in issue in this case was not passed upon. In Spengler v. Kaufman & Wilkinson, 43 Mo. App. 5, it is said at page 14: “In Murdock v. Dalby, supra, it was distinctly ruled that one, although a housekeeper and as such entitled to a homestead claim, was not entitled to personal exemptions under the execution act.” This language cannot be considered as an authority to support respondent’s contention here for the reason, as before stated, that the point now involved was not in the Murdock case. The only points made in that case against the claim of homestead were, first, that the party who was a widow, only had a dower interest upon which to base her homestead and that a life estate would not support a homestead claim; second, that the debt was contracted before the dower or homestead was set out and hence the homestead exemption did not apply. Both these contentions were denied and the right of the widow to a homestead upon the ground that she was a housekeeper only and not the head of a family was not passed upon. Again in Leake v. King, 85 Mo. 413, attention is called to the fact that there is a