189 So. 572 | La. | 1939
Lead Opinion
[EDITORS' NOTE: THIS PAGE CONTAINS HEADNOTES. HEADNOTES ARE NOT AN OFFICIAL PRODUCT OF THE COURT, THEREFORE THEY ARE NOT DISPLAYED.] *910
[EDITORS' NOTE: THIS PAGE CONTAINS HEADNOTES. HEADNOTES ARE NOT AN OFFICIAL PRODUCT OF THE COURT, THEREFORE THEY ARE NOT DISPLAYED.] *911 This is an appeal from a judgment of divorce, which went by default. The defendant filed a motion for a new trial on the next day after the judgment was rendered, and before it was signed, but the judge refused to grant a new trial. The only question therefore is whether the judge should have granted a new trial.
The ground for the divorce was that the parties had been living separate and apart for a period of two years or more. The plaintiff first sued for the divorce on the ground that he and his wife had been living separate and apart for a period of four years or more; and she filed an answer denying that she and her husband had been living separate and apart for four years. While the suit was pending, on May 27, 1938, Act No. 430 of 1938, allowing a divorce on the ground that the *912 parties have lived separate and apart for a period of two years or more, went into effect. Thereafter, the plaintiff moved to discontinue his suit, or to dismiss it as of nonsuit, intending to file this suit for a divorce on the ground that he and his wife had been living separate and apart for two years or more. The attorney who then represented the defendant objected to the dismissal of the suit unless the plaintiff paid the costs. The attorney for the plaintiff then wrote a letter to the attorney for the defendant, saying that he had heard that the defendant intended to file a reconventional demand, so as to prevent a dismissal of the suit. In his letter the attorney for the plaintiff said that the attorney for the defendant might rest assured that a new suit would be filed within a few days, and that the defendant would have an opportunity therefore to file her rule for alimony again; he said also that the discontinuance or dismissal of the suit would be at the expense of his client, and that, if the attorney for the defendant would send a memorandum of the costs which she had incurred, he, the attorney for the plaintiff, would forward a check for the amount. In his letter, the attorney for the plaintiff enclosed a copy of his motion to dismiss the suit as of nonsuit. The attorney for the defendant prepared a motion to tax as costs his fee of $150, and in the motion he asked that the suit should not be dismissed until the plaintiff paid the $150 plus $13.70 costs which the defendant had paid out. The attorney for the plaintiff accepted service of the motion, but it was never filed, because of an amicable adjustment of the defendant's demand for the payment of *913 her attorney's fee, and the costs which she had incurred. At the same time when the attorney for the defendant prepared the motion to prevent a dismissal of the first suit without the payment of her attorney's fee and the costs which she had incurred, he prepared a motion to be filed in the present case, to prevent its being proceeded with until the costs incurred in the first suit, and the defendant's attorney's fee, should be paid. The attorney for the plaintiff accepted service of the motion on Friday, October 14, 1938, and on that day wrote a letter to the attorney for the defendant, apologizing for having delayed the acceptance of service, and saying that, in accordance with a conversation which his secretary had had with the attorney for the defendant, he, the attorney for the plaintiff, would be prepared to try the motion on the next Friday, October 21, 1938. Meanwhile, however, the attorneys agreed upon a settlement and payment of the defendant's attorney's fee and the costs which she had incurred; and, on Thursday, October 27, 1938, the attorney for the plaintiff sent his check for the amount agreed upon, in a letter addressed to the attorney for the defendant and saying: "In accordance with our agreement, I enclose herewith check for $63.70, covering $50 agreed fees and $13.70 costs." That was the end of the negotiations between the attorneys and it cleared the way for the attorney for the plaintiff to proceed with this suit. On Wednesday, November 2, 1938, he entered a preliminary default, and on the next Monday, November 7, he confirmed the judgment by default. Inasmuch as a Saturday, half holiday, and a Sunday intervened, only *914 two legal days elapsed between the entering of the judgment by default and the confirmation thereof. The two days, however, were sufficient. On the next day, Tuesday, November 8, 1938, the attorney for the defendant, on being informed that a judgment by default had been entered and confirmed against his client, filed the motion for a new trial. In his motion he set up the facts which we have related, and he averred that there was a verbal agreement between the attorneys, — or at least an understanding on the part of the attorney for the defendant, — that he would have ten days in which to answer the suit, after the negotiations which had been going on were brought to an end by the payment of the defendant's attorney's fee and the costs which she had incurred.
In response to the motion for a new trial, the defendant pleaded that Rule XVI of the rules of court forbade the proving of a verbal agreement between the attorneys or the parties to the suit. And, reserving the benefit of the plea, the plaintiff denied that there was a verbal agreement between the attorneys, with regard to allowing time for the filing of an answer to the suit.
On the hearing of the motion for a new trial, counsel for the plaintiff objected to the introduction of any evidence to prove a verbal agreement between the attorneys; and in support of his objection he invoked Rule XVI, which provides:
"No agreement between attorneys or parties, in respect to the proceedings in a cause, will be noticed by the court, unless it be in writing, signed and filed with the papers as a part of the record." *915
The attorney for the defendant offered in evidence the letters written to him by the attorney for the plaintiff, which we have referred to, and he offered the documentary evidence which we have referred to, including the record in the first suit for a divorce. He offered to supplement this evidence with his own testimony to show that he had understood that he would have ten days in which to answer the suit, after the amicable negotiations were ended, October 27, 1938. All of this evidence was objected to by the attorney for the plaintiff, and the judge sustained the objection, on the ground that the proving of a verbal agreement would be violative of Rule XVI of the rules of the court. The judge allowed the attorney for the plaintiff to make the documents which he had offered in evidence a part of his bills of exception, or a part of the notes which were made in lieu of the bills of exception, according to the provisions of Act No. 61 of 1908.
Soon after the appeal was brought to this court the defendant employed the attorney who is representing her now, and the attorney who had represented her theretofore withdrew.
Our opinion is that the attorney who represented the defendant in the trial court should have been allowed to prove that his failure to file an answer to the suit was due to a misunderstanding on his part; that is, that his failure or omission was due to his understanding that a judgment by default would not be taken against his client without his having some warning after the amicable negotiations between the attorneys had come to an end, October 27, *916
1938. Rule XVI of the rules of the Civil District Court, which provides that verbal agreements between opposing counsel, in respect to the proceedings in a suit, will not be noticed, means that such agreements cannot be enforced by either party to the agreement without the consent of the other party. The rule does not stand in the way of the granting of a new trial, in the interest of justice, where a judgment has gone by default against the defendant because of a misunderstanding on the part of his or her attorney, resulting from verbal negotiations between the opposing counsel, — provided, of course, the motion for a new trial is filed within the time prescribed by law. In such cases the judge has unlimited authority and discretion in the matter of granting a new trial, in the sense that if he grants the new trial the exercise of his discretion in that way will not be interfered with by the appellate court. In fact there is no right of appeal from an order granting a new trial in such cases, although, of course, there is a right of appeal from the final judgment rendered after the new trial is had. Dresser v. Cox, 12 Mart., O.S., 536; Wheeler v. Joseph Maillot Co., 15 La.Ann. 659; McWillie v. Perkins, 20 La.Ann. 168; Joyce v. Nona Mills Co.,
It is not possible to reconcile the decision that was rendered in Stout v. Henderson, supra, with the more recent decision in Succession of Robinson (Opposition of Alexander),
The evidence which the defendant offered on the hearing of the motion for a new trial, taken in connection with the facts shown by the pleadings, and not disputed, is sufficient to entitle the defendant to a new trial, without the verbal testimony which she tendered. The evidence leaves no doubt that it was by accident or *919 misunderstanding on the part of the attorney representing the defendant that she did not answer this suit immediately after the negotiations between the attorney who then represented her and the attorney representing the plaintiff were brought to a close. Hence it was by accident or misunderstanding on the part of the defendant's attorney that this judgment of divorce was rendered against her by default.
We are constrained, however, in setting aside the judgment appealed from, to remand the case for such further proceedings as may be appropriate and consistent with the opinion which we have rendered, instead of granting a new trial. We cannot sustain the motion for a new trial on the evidence which was tendered on the trial of the motion, because the plaintiff in the case, being the defendant in the motion for a new trial, did not offer any evidence on the hearing of the motion, because his objection to the evidence offered by the defendant, who was the plaintiff in the motion, was sustained, and the evidence was excluded. We must remand the case, therefore, in order that the plaintiff may offer evidence on the hearing of the motion for a new trial if he insists upon another hearing of the motion, and if he sees fit to offer evidence after the defendant in the suit, being the plaintiff in the motion, has introduced his evidence. It was held in Saunders v. Shaw,
The judgment appealed from is annulled, and the case is ordered remanded to the civil district court for further proceedings consistent with the opinion which we have rendered. The costs heretofore incurred in the hearing of the motion for a new trial, and the costs of this appeal, are to be borne by the plaintiff, appellee; the question of liability for all other costs is to abide the final disposition of the case.
On Application for Revision of Decree.
Addendum
The plaintiff in this case has filed a petition styled "Application for Revision of Decree." He does not ask for a rehearing, but asks merely that the decree rendered by this court be amended by omitting the declaration that the judgment appealed from is annulled, and by ordering merely that the trial judge shall admit in evidence, on the trial of the defendant's motion for a new trial, the documents and exhibits that were offered in evidence on the trial of the motion, and shall admit in evidence also such oral testimony as may be adduced and be relevant on the hearing of the motion for a new trial.
It is argued in the motion for an amendment or revision of our decree that, if the judgment appealed from is annulled or set aside, there is not only no necessity for a hearing of the motion for a new trial, but no possibility of considering the motion. *921 It is said that the purpose to be served by the motion for a new trial is accomplished, inferentially, by our annulling or setting aside the judgment of divorce.
Our annulling or setting aside the judgment of divorce, — which was the judgment appealed from, — merely reopens the case, in order that the trial judge shall hear and consider the motion for a new trial, and shall dispose of it either by granting or by refusing a new trial of the case on its merits. If the judge grants a new trial the defendant will then file her answer and the case will be heard on its merits. If the judge refuses to grant a new trial, after considering all of the evidence offered on the trial of the motion, he will not have another trial of the case on its merits, or allow the defendant to answer the suit, but will merely reinstate the judgment of divorce, on the evidence which was adduced on the confirmation of the judgment by default. Our annulling or setting aside the judgment appealed from does not have the effect of granting a new trial. It merely clears the way for the trial judge to hear and dispose of the motion for a new trial. We would have granted the new trial, on the showing that was made, if both parties to the suit had had an opportunity to introduce all of their evidence on the hearing of the motion for a new trial. This is explained fully in the opinion which we rendered on May 1, 1939, — and particularly in our reference to the case of Saunders v. Shaw,
The reason why it is deemed necessary for an appellate court to set aside or *922 annul the judgment appealed from when the court remands a case to the trial court with instructions to hear and dispose of a motion for a new trial is that the appellate court is the only one that has the authority or jurisdiction to set aside a definitive judgment which has been signed by the trial judge and from which an appeal has been taken. It is so declared, substantially, in articles 546, 548 and 556 of the Code of Practice, — as we explained in the opinion which we rendered on May 1, 1939.
The first thing to be done in this case, in the trial court, is for the judge to hear and dispose of the motion for a new trial. It will not be in order for the defendant to file an answer to the suit before the motion for a new trial is disposed of.
The plaintiff's application for an amendment or a revision of the decree of this court is denied.