after stating the facts, delivered the opinion of the court.
1. The only question for decision is whether a judgment can be awarded against the county for costs and disbursement.in favor of a defendant who has been tried and acquitted on a criminal charge. At common law costs, as such, were unknown, and it is therefore- settled doctrine that a court has no power to award them in favor of a defendant in a criminal action unless the statute has expressly conferred it: 4 Am. and Eng. Enc. Law (1st ed.), 323; 1 Bishop on Criminal Procedure, § 1315; Phillips v. Gaines, 131 U. S. Append, clxix. This rule is not questioned by the plaintiff, but he claims that section 565 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Hill’s Ann. Laws), which provides that “in all actions or suits prosecuted or defended in the *136name and for the use of the state, or any county or other public corporation therein, the state or public corporation shall be liable for and may recover costs in like manner and with like effect as in the case of natural persons,” makes the county liable for costs in a criminal action upon the acquittal of a defendant. But this section is a part of the Civil Code, and evidently refers to costs in actions or suits brought by or against the state or a county to enforce some civil or corporate right, and not to a criminal prosecution instituted by the state in its sovereign capacity to punish a violation of some public law. As said by Mr. Chief Justice Ryan in Noyes v. State, 46 Wis. 252 (1 N. W. 2), “There is a broad distinction between the status of a state instituting a prosecution in its sovereign capacity to assert its sovereign rights, to enforce its public laws, or to protect its citizens, and the status of a state suing to enforce mere rights of property, as a private person might do in like ease.” It is to the latter class of cases the statute has reference.
2. The only provision of law upon the subject of costs in criminal actions is section 2361, Hill’s Ann. Laws, * which provides that they shall be paid to the person rendering the service by the proper county, and taxed against the defendant in case of a conviction. By this and other provisions of the statute the several counties of the state are by law required to pay the necessary expenses of every criminal trial, *137but such payments are to be made to the person rendering the. service, and not to the defendant. He has, or can have, no claim against the county upon which a judgment can be rendered in his favor, but such necessary costs and disbursements as may be incurred in his behalf and for the purpose of enabling him to make his defense are to be paid by the county to the person rendering the service, the same as other charges against the county. The judgment of the court below is therefore affirmed.
