14 La. Ann. 362 | La. | 1859
Lead Opinion
This is an action for the recovery of lands and slaves, and their fruits, alleged to belong to the succession of Silas Lillard, administered by plaintiff, and alleged to be in the possession of defendant, by virtue of simulated conveyances from Lillard. The cause was tried by a jury, who found a verdict for defendant. Plaintiff has appealed.
The plaintiff asked for a new trial, on several grounds :
1st. That the court had erred in ordering certain portions of plaintiff’s petition to be stricken out, and in refusing to permit testimony to go to the jury in relation thereto.
The petitioner alleges that Silas Lillard, deceased, of whose vacant estate plaintiff is curator, made two simulated sales of movable and immovable effects, to the defendant, Ballard, for the purpose of defrauding Lillard’s creditors, he, Lil-lard, being then insolvent; that one of those simulated sales was made at Natchez, Mississippi, on the 18th February, 1840, and the other in Concordia parish, Louisiana, on the 28th April, 1840. Various allegations are made of facts tending to show the simulation alleged ; and the petition concludes by a prayer for judgment in favor of plaintiff against defendant, for the value of the property conveyed (by the two sales alleged to be simulated) by Lillard to defendant, and which has been alienated by defendant; and also for the hire of slaves and profits of lands so conveyed, which are now in defendant’s possession; and for the present value of the slaves of Silas Lillard now in defendant’s possession, and for general relief.
The portions of this petition which the District Court, on defendant’s motion, ordered to be stricken out, were those relating to the simulated sale of property in Natchez, of the 18th of February, 1840, and to a quit claim conveyance of said property, by defendant, to Lillard’s widow.
The grounds of the motion to strike out were, that the allegations of the petition in question had no connexion with the prayers of the petition, nor is any thing asked of defendant, based or depending in any way upon said allegations ; that neither the property mentioned therein, nor its value, is demanded, nor could said property be demanded of defendant in this action.
The plaintiff, on the trial of the cause, after the order to strike out, offered evidence in support of the allegations in question, which being rejected by the court, a bill of exceptions was reserved.
The order to strike out the allegations of the petition, appears to us clearly erroneous. The allegations have a direct bearing upon the prayer of the petition.
Instead of the petition claiming property situated in Mississippi, it seems to claim at the hands of plaintiff, the proceeds of property in Mississippi, which has been disposed of by defendant, and which he had acquired by the conveyance of the 18th of February, 1840. As to the place when that conveyance was made, we do not suppose, nor do we understand the counsel of defendant as maintaining, that this would affect the jurisdiction of our courts.
Another bill of exception was taken by plaintiff to the admission of the deposition of II. 0. McEnery. • The objection made to this testimony and overruled by the court, was, that the statements of this witness could only be legally proved by a survey and map of township No. 7, of range 7 east.
Wo think this objection should have been sustained. The witness was offered to sustain the allegation of defendant’s answer, that the largest and most valuable portion of the land sold by Lillard to the defendant, on the 28th of April, 1840, was included within the limits of the Curry & Garland, or Bringier grant. His testimony was, that being Register of the land office at Monroe, in October, 1843, when public lands, including the township in question, were offered for sale under a proclamation of the President of the United States, the witness had been instructed by the Commissioner of the General Land Office, to withhold that township from sale, as being included in the Bringier claim. This appears to us a question of location, of which the only authentic evidence was a survey made by proper authority.
The defendant has pleaded the exceptions of res judicata, and of prescription in bar of this action.
The plea of res judicata is based upon a suit instituted by plaintiff against defendant, about two years prior to the institution of the present suit, and the verdict of a jury rendered in said suit about three months before the institution of this suit.
The object demanded in that suit, was not the same as that demanded in the present. The plea of res judicata cannot, therefore, be sustained. Civil Code, Art. 2265.
The prescription pleaded is that of one, of five, and of ten years.
The prescription of one year, does not bar this action, which is the action en declaration cle simulation Cammack v. Watson, 1 An. 132 ; Erwin v. Bank of Kentucky, 5 An. 4 ; see also 8 An. 453 ; 10 An. 20 ; 11 An. 265.
The prescriptions of ten and five years, pleaded by defendant, are those by which the property of lands and slaves is acquired by the possessor, who holds by a just title.
Good faith is an essential to the acquisition of property by this prescription. C. 0. 3445. But bad faith is expressly charged in the petition. C. C. Arts. 3414, 3415.
The counsel for defendant refers us to the provision of the Code, Art. 3447, that good faith is always presumed in matters oE prescription. But the same Article permits bad faith to be alleged and proved against the party in possession.
It is, therefore, adjudged and decreed, that the verdict and judgment < f the court below, be set aside and reversed ; that this cause be remanded for a new
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting. Separate actions may be cumulated in the same demand or suit, unless one of them precludes, or is contrary to the other. O. P. 148, 149.
It has been held that an action of nullity may be cumulated with a petitory action.
Such is this suit; the plaintiff has cumulated an action of nullity with a peti-tory action. He sues to annul a sale of land and slaves, on the grounds of fraud and simulation, and to recover the property conveyed.
Re cannot succeed in the petitory action, unless he also succeeds in the action of nullity.
Prescription has been pleaded to both actions, and if the plea is good, it disposes of the whole case.
The act of sale was executed, and the defendant was in possession of the property conveyed, more than ten years before the commencement of this suit, and has remained in possession ever since.
The revocatory action is prescribed by one year, to be computed from the time the creditor has obtained judgment against his debtor. C. C. 1980.
The action of nullity or rescission of contracts, testaments, or other acts, is prescribed by five years. O. O. 350V.
All personal actions are prescribed by ten mars, unless prescribed by a shorter period. O. C. 3508.
The action to annul the sale in this cause, is one of the three mentioned, i. e. a revocatory action, an action of nullity, or a personal action.
In whatever light it may be viewed, it is prescribed by one, five or ten years.
As the plea of prescription bars the action of nullity, and as the plaintiff cannot succeed in the petitory action cumulated with it, without annulling the sale ; in other words, without succeeding m both demands, the judgment should be affirmed.
The defendant cannot be deprived of his defence to a personal action by its cu-mulation with a real one.