45 F. 55 | U.S. Circuit Court for the District of Southern New York | 1891
This case now comes before the court upon an objection certified by the examiner. It is unnecessary to recite the facts already set forth in the decision of October 18tli and memorandum of November 24th. Subsequently thereto, both parties being before the examiner, the defendant’s counsel demanded that complainant produce, for the examination of defendant’s counsel and for use as evidence if defendant he .so advised, the full text of the divisional application made by Thomas A. Edison, December 15, 1880, being one of the papers covered by the subpoena duces tecum heretofore served upon the officers of the company. The paper being placed in the examiner’s hands, complainant’s counsel object to its being handed to or inspected by defendant’s counsel, upon three grounds: (1) Because the production and delivery of the papers for the purpose specified cannot lawfully be compelled. (2) Unless defendant’s counsel will set forth that he intends to offer the papers in evidence when produced. (3) Unless defendant’s counsel will also set forth that he intends to offer in evidence all the other papers connected with the said application. The particular paper is not the original divisional application, but it lias been proved to be a copy thereof by complainant’s own witness, and is competent as secondary evidence if the case would warrant the production and admission of the original. The copy bears various pencil memoranda, apparently not on the original, indicating changes for subsequent amendments. They were made by counsel and would, for that reason, be privileged were it not that it appears from examination of the other papers in the box that they have all been communicated to the patent-office, and are therefore no longer solely communications between counsel and client. The various objections now urged have been already passed upon. Inasmuch, however, as complainant’s counsel insist that an adverse decision will seriously affect not this case only, but also what they claim to be well-settled rules of evidence in similar cases, careful consideration has been given to their exhaustive brief and the entire subject re-examined. The conclusion heretofore reached remains unchanged.
The authorities cited by the complainant do not go to the extent of bolding that it is only by bill of discovery or similar method that some particular piece of documentary evidence is to be obtained. No doubt when it is brought into court, the objection that “it is against conscience and the spirit of Anglo-Saxon laws and liberty” to permit its inspection by the other side, or its introduction in evidence, may be urged, as it has been in this case, before the document is exhibited to any one but the court. But that the process of subpoena duces tecum is a convenient, efficient, and proper method for bringing the paper into court is beyond dispute in this circuit. Bischoffsheim v. Brown, 29 Fed. Rep. 341. The fundamental difficulty with the complainant’s argument arises from an apparent misconception of the precise point raised under the subpoena; a misconception no doubt promoted and encouraged by the singular persistency with which the defendant’s counsel have sought to obtain not merely the document itself, but permission to have a copy of it made for their own use.
Nor, if the document called for contains what the defendant insists it does, would it be any part of his adversary’s case, nor within the rule as to title-deeds laid down in some of the cases cited. It would be a separate document, containing admissions material to defendant’s case. “A party can be compelled to disclose all facts which would, by way of evidence, tend-to impeach or destroy his case, unless otherwise privileged, since such facts are material evidence for his adversary, but is not bound to disclose any evidence by which he intends to or may support his case, for such evidence cannot be material to [his adversary.]” Pom. Eq. Jur. § 201.
The objection that the application is privileged upon grounds of public policy, because it is an application pending in the patent-office, was considered when this case was up on the motion to compel obedience to the subpoena. The opinion of the supreme court of theDistrict of Columbia was at that time before the court, and also the quotation from Cooley’s Constitutional Limitations, as to communications made to a telegraph operator. The latter citation refers to a case not analogous to this, for surely no one contends that a party who has sent a telegraphic message may not in a proper case be himself interrogated as to its contents, and required to produce a copy, if he has one, although the operator may not be allowed to disclose it. To the memorandum filed upon the decision of the prior motion there is nothing to add. Regulations as to what classes of quasi public documents shall or shall not be privileged may appropriately be made by the legislative branch of the government, which passes the statutes, under the operation of which those very doc
The objection to the materiality of the document called for was considered generally on the former motion. It. has now been inspected by the court, and as the result of such inspection it is enough to say that it is sufficiently germane to the issues raised in this case to warrant its offer in proof, so that it may form part of the record, (either as admitted or excluded evidence,) which is to go to the supreme court. Blease v. Garlington, 92 U. S. 1. If offered, therefore, it will be admitted, but the objection to such admission will bo reserved for disposition upon final hearing by the judge, whose familiarity with the whole ca.se will enable him to render an intelligent decision. The defendant is asking for leave to inspect the document before offering it in evidence. As to the effect of inspection the contention of the complainant is sustained by the authorities. If a party inspect a document produced by his adversary in response to a. subpoena duces tecum issued by him. such document may he admitted as evidence for his adversary if he himself declines to put it in. Jordan v. Wilkins, 2 Wash. C. C. 482; Wallar v. Stewart, 4 Cranch, C. C. 582. As counsel for both sides seem to be agreed upon the point that exhibition of' the fundamental document (the application) carries exhibition of the other papers, viz., the correspondence between the patent-office and the Edison Company, in relation to said application, the same disposition will be made as to each one of them when separately called for.