256 Mont. 182 | Mont. | 1993
No. 91-513
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA EDGEWATER TOWNHOUSE HOMEOWNER'S ASSOCIATION,
Plaintiff, Respondent, and Cross-Appellant, ROGER HOLTMAN , Defendant, Appellant, and Respondent on Cross-Appeal APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Fourth Judicial District, In and for the County of Missoula, The Honorable Douglas Harkin, Judge presiding.
COUNSEL OF RECORD: For Appellant: Charles J. Tornabene; Patterson, Marsillo, Tornabene, Schuler & McKenna, Missoula, Montana
For Respondent: Lon Dale; Milodragovich, Dale & Dye, Missoula Montana
For Amicus Curie: William 0. Bronson; James, Gray & McCafferty, Great Falls, Montana (MT Big Sky Paralegals Assoc. ; Natl. Assoc. of Legal Assts. (NALA) ; Natl. Fed. of Paralegal Assoc.; and Legal Asst. Mngmnt Assoc.)
Submitted on Briefs: March 12, 1992 JAN 1 2 Justice Karla M. Gray delivered the Opinion of the Court.
Roger Holtman appeals from a judgment of the Fourth Judicial District Court, Missoula County, granting summary judgment in favor of the Edgewater Townhouse Homeowner's Association and dismissing his counterclaim. The Edgewater Townhouse Homeowner's Association cross-appeals the District Court's denial of claimed attorney's fees for attorney-supervised paralegal work.
We phrase the issues on appeal as follows: 1) Did the District Court err in granting summary judgment for
the Association? 2) Did the District Court err in dismissing Holtman's counterclaim? The Edgewater Townhouse Homeowner's Association (the Association) is a condominium association of eleven condominiums located in Missoula. The Association is governed by its articles of incorporation and its bylaws, filed respectively with the Montana Secretary of State and the Missoula County Clerk and Recorder. Pursuant to Art. I, Sect. 3 of the bylaws, all owners or occupants of the units are subject to the rules contained in the bylaws and articles of incorporation. Roger Holtman (Holtman) purchased Unit #1 in 1985.
In March of 1988, the Association held meetings to discuss the installation of a new heating system forthe condominiums. Holtman opposed installing a new system and argued to either repair the existing central heating system or allow the unit owners to purchase individual systems of their choice. At a meeting on August 23, 1988, the unit owners present voted to install a Weil- McLain heating system. Holtman did not attend the meeting. After receiving bids, the Association assessed each member $3,900 to cover the costs. Holtman subsequently refused to pay the assessment or allow the Association access to his condominium to install the new system.
On February 5, 1989, while Holtman was out of town, a neighbor heard running water in Holtmanls condominium. A meeting of the Board members was called and the situation was declared an emergency requiring entry into Holtmanls unit. After a unit owner entered Holtmanls condominium, the Association authorized a plumber to fix the leak and install the new heating system. When Holtman returned, he found that he was locked out of his damaged condominium, the new heating system was partially installed and, allegedly, asbestos contaminated his basement. He refused to allow further installation or pay for the heating system.
The Association filed a complaint on February 17, 1989, seeking an injunction to require the installation of the new heating system, damages, costs and attorney's fees. Holtman answered by generally denying the Associationls allegations. On May 10, 1989, Holtman filed a third-party complaint against the individual unit owners, claiming they had deprived him of his property rights, invaded his privacy, and wrongfully contaminated his condominium with asbestos. Nearly a year later, the District Court granted the Associationfs motion for an "alternative writr1 to require the installation of the Weil-McLain heating system, and determined that the installation was necessary to preserve the property during the litigation. On September 17, 1990, the District Court granted the third-party defendants1 motion for summary judgment and dismissed the third-party complaint. Although the judgment was certified as final pursuant to Rule 54(b), M.R.Civ.P., Holtman did not appeal.
On January 14, 1991, the Association moved for summary judgment on its complaint. Two weeks later, Holtman responded by filing a counterclaim against the Association without obtaining leave of court; the allegations against the Association mirrored those made against the individual unit owners in Holtmanls earlier third-party complaint. On February 14, 1991, the Association moved to dismiss or strike the counterclaim. On June 4, 1991, the District Court filed orders granting both the motion for summary judgment and the motion to strike the counterclaim. In entering judgment, the District Court awarded the Association $16,367.92 in attorney's fees; that amount was decreased by $4,000 in a supplemental judgment in response to Holtman's objection. Both parties appeal.
Did the District Court err in granting summary judgment for the Association? Under Rule 56(c), M.R.Civ.P., summary judgment is proper when no genuine issue of material fact exists and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Summary judgment was not intended, nor can it be used, as a substitute for existing methods in the trial of issues of fact. Hull v. D. Irvin Transport (1984), 213 Mont. 75, 81, 690 P.2d 414, 417.
In granting the Association's motion for summary judgment, the District Court stated that the Association complied with its bylaws and applicable statutes in changing the heating system and entering Holtmanls condominium. Specifically, it found that six of the eleven unit owners voted for installation of the heating system at the August 23, 1988, meeting. On that basis, the court further found that the quorum and voting majority requirements of the bylaws were met. We conclude that the District Court improperly decided disputed issues of fact.
Insofar as the bylaws are pertinent here, one membership in the incorporated association is appurtenant to each unit. Consequently, each unit is allowed only one vote. As a result, there are a total of eleven votes in the Association. Regardless of the number of individuals who may co-own one unit, the unit nevertheless can cast only one vote at Association meetings. The bylaws also provide that a majority vote at a meeting at which a quorum is present is binding upon all unit owners. A quorum requires the representation in person or by proxy of 50% of the total authorized votes and a majority is defined as more than 50% of the total authorized votes.
The District Court relied on the minutes of the August 23 meeting in determining that the Association complied with its bylaws. The minutes list the six individuals present as Ken, Mike, Doug, Lois and Jerry, and Andrea. In numerous references in the record, the names ItLois and Jerry CovaultM appear to refer to the co-owners of one unit. Because each unit has only one vote to cast, it is possible that only five of eleven voting units were present at the meeting in question. If this is the case, no quorum existed because the bylaws require the presence of unit owners having 50% of the total authorized votes to constitute a quorum for the transaction of Association business.
In light of Holtmanls contention that the ~ssociation did not comply with the procedures as required by its bylaws in deciding to change the heating system, a genuine issue of material fact exists regarding whether a quorum existed at the August 23, 1988, meeting. Absent a quorum, no decision made at that meeting is binding on other unit owners. We conclude that the District Court erred in granting summary judgment.
Did the District Court err in dismissing Holtmanfs counterclaim? In responding to the Association's February 17, 1989, complaint, Holtman generally denied the allegations and did not assert a counterclaim. On February 1, 1991, Holtman filed a counterclaim against the Association without leave of court. The District Court determined that the counterclaim arose out of the same transaction or occurrence as the ~ssociation's complaint filed in February, 1989; therefore, it was a compulsory counterclaim governed by the timeliness requirements of Rule 13(a), M.R.Civ.P. Applying Rule 1 3 ( f) , M. R. Civ. P, which governs omitted counterclaims, the District Court dismissed the untimely counterclaim because Holtman did not obtain leave of court.
Holtman does not dispute the District Court's characterization of his counterclaim as compulsory under Rule 1 3 (a) , M.R. C i v . P. He argues that the District Court's result was unduly harsh and that fgjustice requires" the acceptance of the counterclaim under these circumstances.
We look t o Rule 13(f), M.R.Civ.P., in addressing this issue: When a pleader fails to set up a counterclaim through oversight, inadvertence, or excusable neglect, or when justice requires, the pleader may by leave of court set up the counterclaim by amendment.
Although we have not interpreted this subsection of Rule 13, M.R.Civ.P., we have held generally that the decision to allow an amendment is left to the discretion of the trial court. Stanford et al. v. Rosebud County et al. (Mont. 1992), - P.2d -,
49 St-Rep. 828-30. In interpreting the identical federal rule, the Ninth circuit Court of Appeals has held that a trial court's denial of leave to assert an omitted counterclaim under Rule 13(f), F. R. Civ. P. , is reversible only when it constitutes an abuse of discretion, even though t h e rule is generally applied liberally. Ralston-Purina Co. v. Bertie (9th C i r . l9?6), 541 F.2d 1363, 1367. We adopt that standard of review for the issue before us.
In a case factually analogous to the one before us, the Third Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed a trial courtls dismissal of an untimely compulsory counterclaim for failure to meet the "leave of court" requirement of Rule 1 3 ( f) , F .R. C i v . P. Owens-Illinois, Inc. v. Lakeshore Lane Co, (3d. Cir. 1979), 610 F.2d 1185, 1188. Here, as in Owens, Holtman filed his counterclaim nearly two years after his answer and did not obtain leave of court to do so, as required by Rule 1 3 ( f ) , M.R.Civ.P. Under these circumstances, we hold that the District Court did not abuse its discretion in dismissing Holtman's untimely counterclaim. To hold otherwise would render the "leave of courtfv requirement of Rule 13(f), M.R.Civ.P., meaningless.
We note that the District Court's award and denial of certain attorney's fees is based in part on its grant of summary judgment to the Association. In light of our conclusion that summary judgment was in error, we vacate the award of attorney's fees.
Affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded to the District Court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. We concur:
January 12, 1993
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that the following order was sent by United States mail, prepaid, to the following named: Charles J. Tornabene PATTERSON, MARSILLO, TORNABENE, SCHULER & McKENNA 113 South 5th East Missoula. MT 59801 Lon Dale MILODRAGOVICH, DALE & DYE, P.C. P.O. Box 4797 Missoula, MT 49806-4797 William 0 . Bronson James, Gray & McCafferty P.O. Box 2885 Great Falls, MT 59403 Natl. Fed. of Paralegal Assoc.)