87 P. 714 | Utah | 1906
This action was commenced to foreclose a mechanic’s lien; judgment of dismissal being entered upon a demurrer to the
That James E. Horrooks, during his lifetime, and at all times mentioned in the complaint, was the owner in fee of certain real estate in Ogden City, Utah, described as follows: Part of lot twenty-seven (27), block four (4), of South Ogden survey addition to O'gden City, Weber county, Utah, to wit, beginning at the northwest comer of said lot twenty-seven (27); thence east 162 feet; thence south 132 feet; thence west 30 feet; thence north 66 feet, thence west 132 feet; thence north 66 feet to the place of beginning. That on or about the 1st day of September, 1904, said Horrooks entered into a written contract with respondent Peterson, whereby said Peterson agreed to build for said Horrooks two frame dwelling houses upon the real estate above described, and to furnish and provide all of the lumber, building material, and labor necessary to complete said houses, and to> complete the same on or before the 1st day of November, 1904, all for the sum of $2,750, to be paid by said Horrocks to said Peterson; payment to be made- in installments- as the work on said houses progressed, and the last payment of $500 was to be made when said houses were fully completed. That thereafter, on the 6th day of September, 1904, said i’eterson, by a written contract, sublet the construction of said houses, together with the furnishing of certain specified material, to- the respondent Ered. Howard. Said Howard agreed to complete said houses within thirty-six working days from said date, and to receive the sum of $1,575 for what he agreed to do, payments to be made from, time to time, the last payment of $775 to be made when said houses were completed. That thereafter,'on the 19th day of September, 1904, said Howard entered into, a contract with appellant, whereby appellant agreed to furnish said Howard with lumber and other specified material necessary to complete said houses. That in pur-
Upon substantially the -foregoing facts, the appellant prayed judgment for the amount of its claim, to foreclose, said lien, for the sale of the property, and for general relief. To this complaint the respondent' Ann H. Martin, as executrix of the said last will, interposed a general demurrer upon the sole ground that said complaint does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action either against her or the estate of the deceased and that the facts, stated are insufficient to entitle appellant to the relief prayed for. The trial court sustained this demurrer, and the appellant, refusing to further amend the complaint, but electing to stand thereon, judgment dismissing the action and for costs was directed to be rendered against the appellant, from which judgment this appeal is prosecuted.
The only question presented by this record therefore is, did the court err in sustaining said demurrer and in entering judgment dismissing the action as above stated? The trial court held that the notice of intention to claim a lien was- insufficient, for the reason that the amount due on each one of the two- houses was not separately stated,- and that therefore there was no lien, and hence the judgment dismissing the action. In order to determine the correctness of the court’s ruling, it becomes necessary to analyze and construe sections 13 8 6 and 1381, c. 1, 39, Revised Statutes 1898, entitled “Mechanics’ Liens.” This chapter is composed of 28 sections consecutively numbered from 1373 to 1400. In those sections is contained an entire system or scheme respecting the creation of mechanics’ liens in favor of persons who- furnish any material, or perform any labor, or render any skill or service for any improvements on land. By the .various amendments to the original law from time to' time, and as the same has been construed by this and other courts under similar statutes, a, mechanic’s lien attaches to- the land, and, unless the person against whom the claim for a mechanic’s lien is made has some interest or estate in the land upon which the improvement is made, no lien attaches to the improvement as such;
Having thus reached the conclusion that under our present statute a mechanic’s lien can only be acquired on land, and that the buildings or improvements are to be taken as appurtenant merely, we will proceed to an examination of our statutes to determine whether the lien in question is void or ■valid. Section 1386, in which are contained the matters which must be stated in a notice of intention to claim a lien, reads as follows:
“Every original contractor, -within sixty days after the completion of his contract, and every person save the original contractor claiming the benefit of this chapter, must, within forty days after furnishing the last material or performing the last labor for any building, improvement, or structure, or for any alteration, addition to, or repair thereof, or performance of any labor in or furnishing any materials for any mining claim, file for record with the county recorder of the county in which the property or some part thereof is situated, a claim in writing containing a notice of intention to hold and claim a lien, and a statement of his demand, after deducting all just credits and offsets, with the name of the owner, if known, and also the name of the person by whom he was employed, or to whom he furnished the material, with a statement of the terms, time given, and conditions of his contract, specifying the time when th,e first and last labor was performed, or the first and last material furnished, and also a description of the property to be charged with the lien, sufficient fdr identification, which claim must be verified by the oath of himself or of some other person.”
This is followed by section 1387, which is as follows:
*248 “Liens against two or more buildings, mining claims, or other ixn-provements owned by the same person or persons may be included in one claim; but in such case the person filing the claim must designate therein the amount claimed to be due to him on each of such buildings, mining claims, or other improvements.”
These sections must be construed in connection with each other, and the two together must be construed in connection with other provisions contained in the whole of chapter 1 aforesaid. In order to arrive at the true legislative intent, courts cannot segregate a section or a part of an entire chapter upon a given subject, and from such part alone determine the true meaning or intent of the whole. Moreover, the object or purpose of the law as a whole must be considered. It often occurs that, in a series of sections relating to one subject,, provisions are found in one or more sections that are in seeming conflict with other sections or parts of the- same act. It also occurs that in an act like chapter 1, aforesaid, where rights are created, the methods to secure them are prescribed, and the procedure provided for to- enforce such rights as against the property, the owner, and among other claimants, certain provisions may be intended to- affect some and not others. Some of these provisions may be, and frequently are, intended for the benefit of some who- may stand in a particular relation, and not to others standing in a different relation to either the ownfer or the property. This is the case with respect to our mechanic’s- lien law, as we shall attempt to show. Moreover, as'is well stated in Boisot on Mechanics’ Liens, section 4:
“The doctrine upon which the lien is founded is the consideration • of natural justice, that a party who has enhanced the value of property by incorporating therein his labor or materials shall have a preferred claim on such property for the value of his labor or materials.”
BHrt the respondent contends, and the contention is sound, that a mechanic’s lien is purely statutory, not contractual, and none can be acquired unless the claimant has complied with the several provisions of the statute creating the lien. We yield full assent to this doctrine, and likewise assent that, where the statute fails, courts cannot create rights, and should
It is the true intent and spirit contained in all the sections upon a given subject that constitutes the law upon that subject, not what may be contained .in only one of them. The rule that in our judgment should govern, is, we think, correctly stated in 20 Am. & Eng. Ency. Law, on page 276, where the author says:
“A lien once acquired by labor performed on a building with the consent of the owner should not, however, be defeated by technicalities, when no rights of others are infringed, and no express command of the statute is disregarded.”
With these rules and principles in mind, we are prepared to proceed to an analysis of sections 1386 and 1387. Such an analysis becomes necessary, for the reason that this court has in no case that we are aware of, either done so or attempted to do so. True, the question was raised in the case of Garner v. Van Patten, 20 Utah 342, 58 Pac. 684, but, as the court in that case sustained the lien, although, as appears from the case, the claimant had not strictly complied with the provisions of section 1387, the question here presented, if decided at all, was adverse to the. respondent in this case. The question in this case is, can a claimant obtain a valid lien as against an owner of property upon which the lien is claimed without including the statement required by section 1387 ? We think he can, for the following reasons.:
It will be observed that by the provisions of section 1386, wherein are prescribed the necessary acts to be done by the claimant to acquire a lien, it is provided among other things that the claimant shall make “a statement of his demand after deducting all just credits and offsets.” The owner is thus fairly informed of the amount claimed against his property. If the amount is correct, he will have this amount to pay — no more, no less — to discharge the lien. If it is incorrect, he is fully apprised of the fact, and
But it is further argued — and the argument at first blush seems plausible — -that while tbe effect of the two section construed together was, as we claim it to be, as originally enacted, such is nót tbe case now, because section 1387 has been amended, and thereby its effect changed. Tbe section corresponding to the present section 1387 is found in 2 Oomp. Taws, 1888, and is there designated as section 3812, and reads, as follows:
“In every case in which one claim is filed against two or more buildings, mining claims, or other improvements owned by the same person, the person filing such claim must at the same time designate the amount due him on each of such buildings, mining claims or other improvements, otherwise the Ken of such claims is postponed to other Mens. The lien of such claimant does not extend beyond the amount designated, ads. against other creditors having Hens, by judgment, mortgage, or other-?ci'se, upon either of such buildings or other improvements, or upon the land upon which the same are situated.”
The law was recast and amended in 1890 (chapter 30, p*. 24, Sess. Taws 1890), wherein section 3812 is omitted. It was again amended in 1894 (Sess. Laws 1894, p. 44, c. 41), where it was re-enacted in its present form. It is conceded, in fact nó* one can dispute on reasonable grounds, that, with the italicized portion added, the failure to state the amount due on each of several buildings or improvements could not invalidate the lien as against the. property or the owner thereof, but its effect would only be to postpone the lien to others in the same class. The logic of this admission is a concession that the statement of the amount due on each building separately, as required by section 138.7, was not an essential part
In view of the somewhat singular conditions arising by both the terms as well as the conditions of our mechanic’s lien law, in view of the amendments and changes and omissions therein, we have been unable to find authorities directly in point upon the matters discussed herein. The following cases, however, in some degree at least, support all the views herein expressed. These decisions are based upon statutes similar in many respects to our own: Williamette Co. v. Shea (Or.), 32 Pac. 759; Lyon v. Logan, 68 Tex. 521, 5 S. W. 72, 2 Am. St. Rep. 511; Phillips v. Gilbert, 101 U. S. 725, 25 L. Ed. 833; Wall v. Robinson, 115 Mass. 429; Lax v. Peterson, 42 Minn. 221, 44 N. W. 3; Wheeler v. Ralph (Wash.), 30 Pac. 709.) There are cases which hold that provisions substantially like those contained in section 1387 are essentials in acquiring a lien. Whether such provisions are part of the section wherein are contained the essentials to acquire a lien or not, we cannot determine without recourse' to the statute creating the lien, and, not having access to them, we cannot examine them. It is manifest, however, that the courts that have so held have construed the mechanic’s lien law with undue strictness. (Wilcox v. Woodruff, 61 Conn. 578, 24 Atl. 521, 1056, 17 L. R. A. 314, 29 Am. St. Rep. 222, is a fair type of the cases holding adversely to the views that we entertain. In that case, however, there are two able dissenting opinions which, to our minds, state the rule of construction respecting mechanic’s lien statutes correctly. The cases of Crawford v. Anderson, 129 Ind. 117, 28 N. E. 314, Culver v. Elwell, 73 Ill. 536, and some others, perhaps, are of the same class. None of these cases, however, in our judgment, reflect the true spirit of our mechanic’s lien law, and therefore we decline to follow them. But there is room for contention that the demurrer was erroneously sustained upon another ground. As appears from the complaint, the contracts, and from the description of the property, the whole matter was treated as an entirety by all parties in interest. 'This being so, the two buildings were not, within the purview of our statutes, to be treated as separate
The judgment is therefore reversed, and the cause remanded with instructions to the district court to vacate the judgment, reinstate- the case, overrule the demurrer, and permit the respondent to answer if she is so advised, and proceed with the case- in accordance with this opinion. Costs o-f this appeal to be taxed against respondent.