2 Keyes 41 | NY | 1865
The plaintiff’s intestate was nonsuited on the ground that his own evidence established that he was not the owner of the note, and, also, that the note was void for usury. The Supreme Court, at General Term, only considered the question of title to the note and the exceptions to the rejection of evidence on that point, and, arriving at the conclusion that the nonsuit was sustainable on the ground that the plaintiff had affirmatively shown title out of himself omitted, considering the further question whether he had, also, as was held at the circuit, shown that the note was usurious.
1. The note was payable to bearer and transferable by mere delivery. The plaintiff was in possession of it, and produced it on the trial. This was sufficient evidence of his title; and if it were any defense, to be urged by the defendants, that some person other than the holder was the real owner, the onus was on them of establishing it. Indeed, I cannot see how the defendants could, for such reason, defeat the action, except possibly on the ground that every action must now be prosecuted in the name of the real party in interest; and then, the objection should have been distinctly taken by demurrer or answer. It seems to me'no defense to the maker of a negotiable promissory note, transferable by mere delivery, that, as between the holder and a former owuer, there has not been in judgment of law an effectual transfer of the paper. But let this pass. Here, after excluding all affirmative evidence offered by the holder to show title in himself, and adroitly foisting into the case a receipt given by him at the time of the alleged transfer, which is held to be the whole contract, in' relation thereto, and that a contract of bailment, not to be explained or contradicted by parol, the holder is nonsuited, for the reason that it appears by his own evidence that he is not the real owner. Clark, the original payee, who was called by the plaintiff to disprove the allegations of usury, on cross-examination is asked whether, at the time he transferred the note to the plaintiff, he took back any writing in regard to it, whereupon he answered in the affirmative. Subsequently, when interrogated unnecessarily by the plaintiff’s counsel, as to the terms of the transfer, the question was objected to, on the ground
“Received of Ira M. Clark, a note against J. P. Alger, indorsed by W. S. Alger, for $629.75, which I agree to account for on demand.
(Signed) JOSIAH EATOK”
The paper being thus in evidence, the question, “ "What was the contract of sale of the note, if any ? ” was excluded, on objection of the defendant, that the receipt contained the whole contract, and parol evidence was not admissible to add to or explain it; and also an offer to show that, at the time the receipt was executed, the witness sold and delivered the note to the plaintiff upon a valuable and full consideration, was rejected under like objection, and for like reasons. Having thus succeeded in excluding all affirmative proof of ownership of the note, on the part of the plaintiff, which was quite unnecessary, unless the writing called a receipt conclusively showed title out of him, he is nonsuited on the ground that it appeared, by his own evidence, that he was not the true owner.
These rulings, and the result attained thereby, seem to me clearly erroneous. If it be true, as it is not, that the plaintiff was estopped from showing a sale and delivery of the no.te to him for a valuable consideration, the receipt did not furnish conclusive evidence that the title1 was not in him. He was the holder and presumptive owner, and the evidence furnished by the paper did not conclusively overcome that presumption. It is. hot pretended that it did, unless it is, upon its face, a complete and perfect contract of bailment. In the court below, two of the judges held it to be that and
But again, after the judge had ruled that the receipt imported a bailment, it was offered to'be proved, by the testimony of both of the parties to it, that they made a contract of sale, and that the note was delivered to the plaintiff in pursuance thereof; and, further, that, if the receipt imported a bailment, it failed to express the true agreement between the parties. This proof, on objection of the defendants, was excluded, on the ground that the paper contained the whole contract of .transfer, and parol evidence was inadmissible to add to or explain it; and also that the action was not one to reform the instrument on the ground of mistake. This ruling cannot be legally sustained. The defendants' were entire strangers to the receipt, claiming nothing under it, and having no interest in the note, the subj eet-matter of it. Their rights could not be affected, in the slightest degree, by the alleged transfer, for a payment of the note to the plaintiff would be júst as beneficial to them as a payment to Clark. Both Clark and the plaintiff agreed that the true contract was a sale of the note, and both, also, agreed that the written
2. It was equally an error to have nonsuited the plaintiff on the ground that he had, himself, proved that the note was usurious and void. The note in suit was given in renewal of one for §600, made in July, 1857, by one Samuel Burpee and John P. Alger, and payable to Ira M. Clark, or bearer. The circumstances under which the last mentioned note was given, as the plaintiff showed by two witnesses, were these: In July, 1857, Clark (who resided at Newport, in the State of New Hampshire, but was temporarily staying at Saratoga Springs) was applied to by Burpee, at the Springs, to lend him $600, which he stated he wanted to pay a note he was then owing at the savings bank, Springfield, Vermont. The security he proposed was satisfactory, but Clark informed him that he had not the money with him; that it was at Newport, in the bank, and that it would be attended with
It was upon this proof, substantially, it was adjudged that the plaintiff had himself shown the note to be usurious, and was accordingly nonsuited. I regard this a plain error. The evidence tended to show that the $25 note (which it was claimed in the pleading, was without any legal consideration, and rendered the $600 note void for usury) was given to repay Clark for trouble and expense incurred by him, at the request of Burpee the borrower, in going to Newport for the money, and that the amount of the note was only two or three dollars more than the actual expenses of the trip. If this were so there was no usury. But, manifestly, the proof did not disclose a transaction usurious per se. Whether or not the trip to Newport for the money was intended as a cover for usury, was a matter for the consideration of the jury. If the jury believed that it was undertaken in good faith, at Bur-pee’s special request, and upon his promise to reimburse
The judgment should he reversed and a new trial ordered, with costs to abide the event.
All concur.
Judgment reversed.